Knowledge and Awareness about Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12724/ajss.48.4Keywords:
Antenatal Women, Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational Diabestes mellitusAbstract
The paper aims to review the previous literature conducted till date on knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) across the globe, focussing more on the studies from the Indian context. The review posits that the knowledge and awareness of Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes among the larger population needs attention. Additionally, knowledge of the risks and complications is low among participants. Significantly limited literature was available on antenatal women and on the provision of awareness programmes for such participants. The review concludes with the observation that the knowledge and awareness about DM and GDM has important implications for public health policies and specifically for the implementation of National Diabetes Prevention/Control Programmes.
References
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Babaee, Q. R., Soltanian, A. R., Khalkhaly, H. R., Rabieian, M., Bahreini, F., & Afkhami Ardekani, M. (2007). People’s awareness on diabetes disease and complications in Bushehr, Iran using Linears Models. Payavard
Salamat, 1(1), 52-58. Retrieved from http:// payavard.tums.ac.ir/index.php?slc_lang=en&sid=1 Biral, A. M.,
Cardoso, P. M., & Grunspan, S. (2005). Importância doeducadorem Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Clínica, 9(3), 193-9. Retrieved from http://www.clinicadadiabetes.pt/
Bruce, D. G., Davis, W. A., Cull, C. A., & Davis, T. M. (2003). Diabetes education and knowledge in patients with type 2 diabetes from the community: the Fremantle Diabetes study. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 17(2), 82-89. doi: 10.1016/S1056-8727(02)00191-5
Çaliskan, D., Ozdemir, O., Ocaktan, E., &Idil, A. (2006). Evaluation of awareness of diabetes mellitus and associated factors in four health center areas. Patient Education and Counseling, 62(1), 142-147.doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.06.018
Carolan, M. (2013). Women's experiences of gestational diabetes self-management: a qualitative study.
Midwifery, 29(6), 637-645. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2012.05.013 Carolan, M., Gill, G. K., & Steele, C. (2012). Women’s experiences of factors that facilitate or inhibit gestational diabetes self-management. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12(1), 99. doi:10.1186/ 1471-2393-12-99
Carolan, M., Steele, C., & Margetts, H. (2010). Attitudes towards gestational diabetes among a multiethnic cohort in Australia. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(17-18), 2446-2453. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03305.x
Carolan, M., Steele, C., & Margetts, H. (2010). Knowledge of gestational diabetes among a multi-ethnic cohort in Australia. Midwifery, 26(6), 579-588. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2009.01.006
Choi, E. S., Oh, J. A., & Park, J. S. (2001). A study of nurses knowledges on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 7(4), 419-431. Retrieved from http:// koreamed.org/ SearchBasic.php
Choi, E. S., Oh, J. A., Hur, M. H., Lee, I. S., & Choi, S. Y. (2000). The knowledge and learning needs about Gestational Diabetes in pregnant women. Journal of Korean Academy of Women's Health Nursing, 6(1), 96-108. Retrieved from http://koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php
Clapperton, M., Jarvis, J., & Mungrue, K. (2009). Is gestational diabetes mellitus an important contributor to metabolic disorders in Trinidad and Tobago? Obstetrics and Gynecology International, 2009. doi: dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/289329
Das, S. M., Mukherjee, S., & Baran, A. (2014). Knowledge regarding Diabetes among women residing in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13 (4), 41-14.Retrieved from http://www.iosrjournals.org/
Deepa, M., Bhansali, A., Anjana, R. M., Pradeepa, R., Joshi, S. R., Joshi, P. P., ... & Kaur, T. (2014). knowledge and awareness of diabetes in urban and rural India: The Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes Study (Phase I): Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes 4. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 18(3), 379. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.131191
Ding, C. H., Teng, C. L., & Koh, C. N. (2006). Knowledge of diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non-diabetic patients in Klinik Kesihatan Seremban. The Medical Journal of Malaysia, 61(4), 399-404. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/
Fezeu, L., Fointama, E., Ngufor, G., Mbeh, G., &Mbanya, J. C. (2010). Diabetes awareness in general population in Cameroon. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 90(3), 312-318. doi: http:// dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.06.029
Gastrich, M. D., Peck, S., Janevic, T., Bachmann, G., Lotwala, N., &Siyam, A. (2013). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: an educational opportunity. Journal of Diabetes Nursing, 17(6). Retrieved from http://www.thejournalofdiabetesnursing.co.uk/
Ghaffar, A., Reddy, K. S., &Singhi, M. (2004). Burden of non-communicable diseases in South Asia. BMJ, 328(7443), 807-810.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7443.807 Gulabani, M., John, M., & Isaac, R. (2008). Knowledge of diabetes, its treatment and complications amongst diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 33(3), 204. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.42068
Gunay, T., Ulusel, B., Velipasaoglu, S., Unal, B., Ucku, R., & Ozgener, N. (2006). Factors affecting adult knowledge of diabetes in Narlidere Health District, Turkey. Acta Diabetologica, 43(4), 142-147. doi: 10.1007/s00592-006-0230-6
He, X., & Wharrad, H. J. (2007). Diabetes knowledge and Glycemic control among Chinese people with type 2 diabetes. International nursing review, 54(3), 280-287. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2007.00570.x Hjelm, K., Bard, K., Nyberg, P., & Apelqvist, J. (2005). Swedish and Middle-Eastern-born women's beliefs about gestational diabetes. Midwifery, 21(1), 44-60. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2004.09.004
Hoffman, L., Nolan, C., Wilson, J. D., Oats, J. J., & Simmons, D. (1998). Gestational diabetes mellitus-management guidelines-The Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society. Medical Journal of Australia, 169(2), 93-97. Retrieved from http://ecite.utas.edu.au/13534
Huidobro, A., Prentice, A., Fulford, T., Parodi, C., & Rozowski, J. (2010). Gestational diabetes, comparison of women diagnosed in second and third trimester of pregnancy with non GDM women: Analysis of a cohort study. Rev Med Chile, 3, 316-21. doi: /S0034-98872010000300009.
Hussain, Z., Yusoff, Z. M., & Sulaiman, S. A. S. (2014). Evaluation of knowledge regarding gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with glycaemic level: A Malaysian study. Primary Care Diabetes. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2014.07.007
Joshi, S. R., Das, A. K., Vijay, V. J., & Mohan, V. (2008). Challenges in diabetes care in India: sheer numbers, lack of awareness and inadequate control. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 56, 443-450. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Legato, M. J., Gelzer, A., Goland, R., Ebner, S. A., Rajan, S., Villagra, V., & Kosowski, M. (2006). Gender-specific care of the patient with diabetes: review and recommendations. Gender Medicine, 3(2), 131-158. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Lorga, T., Srithong, K., Manokulanan, P., Aung, T. N. N., & Aung, M. N. (2012). Public knowledge of diabetes in Karen Ethnic rural residents: a community-based questionnaires study in the far north-west of Thailand. International Journal of General Medicine, 5, 799. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S33177Ma Mahajerin, A., Fras, A.,
Vanhecke, T. E., & Ledesma, J. (2008). Assessment of knowledge, awareness, and self-reported risk factors for type II diabetes among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(2), 188-190. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.019
Mahalakshmi, B., Stanly, A.M., & Vanishree (2013)Awareness about Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Antenatal Women Attending tertiary clinic. International Journal of Scientific Research, 2(10). Retrieved from http://www.ijem.in/temp/IndianJEndocrMetab171146-7017852_192938.pdf Metzger, B. E., Buchanan, T. A.,
Coustan, D. R., De Leiva, A., Dunger, D. B., Hadden, D. R., ... & Zoupas, C. (2007). Summary and recommendations of the fifth international workshop-conference on gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 30(Supplement 2), S251-S260. doi: 10.2337/dc07-s225
Mohan, D., Raj, D., Shanthirani, C. S., Datta, M., Unwin, N. C., Kapur, A., & Mohan, V. (2005). Awareness and Knowledge of diabetes in Chennai-The Chennai urban rural epidemiology study [CURES-9]. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 53, 283-287. Retrieved from www.japi.org/april2005/O-283.pdf Mumu, S. J.,
Saleh, F., Ara, F., Haque, M. R., & Ali, L. (2014). Awareness regarding risk factors of type 2 diabetes among individuals attending a tertiary-care hospital in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 7(1), 599. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-599
Muninarayana, C., Balachandra, G., Hiremath, S. G., Iyengar, K., & Anil, N. S. (2010). Prevalence and awareness regarding diabetes mellitus in rural Tamaka, Kolar. International journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 30(1), 18. Retrieved from http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC2859279/
Muninarayana, C., Balachandra, G., Hiremath, S. G., Iyengar, K., & Anil, N. S. (2010). Prevalence and awareness regarding diabetes mellitus in rural Tamaka, Kolar. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 30(1), 18. Retrieved from http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC2859279/
Murata, G. H., Shah, J. H., Adam, K. D., Wendel, C. S., Bokhari, S. U., Solvas, P. A., ... & Duckworth, W. C. (2003). Factors affecting diabetes knowledge in Type 2 diabetic veterans. Diabetologia, 46(8), 1170-1178. doi: 10.1007/s00125-003-1161-1
Murugesan, N., Snehalatha, C., Shobhana, R., Roglic, G., & Ramachandran, A. (2007). Awareness about diabetes and its complications in the general and diabetic population in a city in southern India. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 77(3), 433-437. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Pongmesa, T., Li, S. C., & Wee, H. L. (2009). A survey of knowledge on diabetes in the central region of Thailand. Value in Health, 12(s3), S110-S113. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00641.x
Rolim de Holanda, V., De Souza, M. A., Paulino dos Santos Rodrigues, M. C., Bezerra Pinheiro, A. K., & Coelho Damasceno, M. M. (2012). Knowledge of pregnant women about gestational diabetes mellitus. Journal of Nursing UFPE/Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 6(7). Retrieved from http://www.revista.ufpe.br/ revistaenfermagem/ index.php/ revista
Shivashankar, M., & Mani, D. (2011). A brief overview of diabetes. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(4), 22-27. Retrieved August 12, 2015, from http:// www.ijppsjournal.com/ Vol3Suppl4/2411a.pdf
Shriraam, V., Rani, M. A., Sathiyasekaran, B. W. C., & Mahadevan, S. (2013). Awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus among antenatal women in a primary health center in South India. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(1), 146. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3659882/
Singh, A., Milton, P. E., Nanaiah, A., Samuel, P., & Thomas, N. (2012). Awareness and attitude toward diabetes in the rural population of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. Indian journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 16(Suppl1), S83. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.94269
Tabassam, N., Sadaqat, F., Mahmood, K. T., &Zaka, M., (2010). Prevention and Management of Gestational Diabetes. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 2 (12), 404-410. Retrieved from http://www.onlinepharmacytech.info/docs/vol2issue12/JPST10-02-12-03.pdf
Ulvi, O. S., Chaudhary, R. Y., Ali, T., Alvi, R. A., Khan, M. F., Khan, M., ... &Alam, A. Y. (2009). Investigating the awareness level about Diabetes Mellitus and associated factors in Tarlai (Rural Islamabad). J Pak Med Assoc, 59, 798-801. Retrieved from http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=1861
Unadike, B. C., &Chineye, S. (2009). Knowledge, awareness, and impact of diabetes among adolescents in Uyo, Nigeria. African Journal of Diabetes Medicine, 3, 12-14. Retrieved from http://www.africanjournalofdiabetesmedicine.com
Wee, H. L., Ho, H. K., & Li, S. C. (2002). Public awareness of diabetes mellitus in Singapore. Singapore Medical Journal, 43(3), 128-134. Retrieved from http://www.singapore-medical.com/ ?gclid = CjwKEAiAhIejBRCKm_fTxIWyyXcSJABXY0XYYFdIuc-o_swZOIKrAWWRe5xvJxG9kixhh-Lia00X8xoCt6Xw_wcB
Yun, L. S., Hassan, Y., Aziz, N. A., Awaisu, A., & Ghazali, R. (2007). A comparison of knowledge of diabetes mellitus between patients with diabetes and healthy adults: a survey from north Malaysia. Patient Education and Counseling, 69(1), 47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.017
Babaee, Q. R., Soltanian, A. R., Khalkhaly, H. R., Rabieian, M., Bahreini, F., & Afkhami Ardekani, M. (2007). People’s awareness on diabetes disease and complications in Bushehr, Iran using Linears Models. Payavard
Salamat, 1(1), 52-58. Retrieved from http:// payavard.tums.ac.ir/index.php?slc_lang=en&sid=1 Biral, A. M.,
Cardoso, P. M., & Grunspan, S. (2005). Importância doeducadorem Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Clínica, 9(3), 193-9. Retrieved from http://www.clinicadadiabetes.pt/
Bruce, D. G., Davis, W. A., Cull, C. A., & Davis, T. M. (2003). Diabetes education and knowledge in patients with type 2 diabetes from the community: the Fremantle Diabetes study. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 17(2), 82-89. doi: 10.1016/S1056-8727(02)00191-5
Çaliskan, D., Ozdemir, O., Ocaktan, E., &Idil, A. (2006). Evaluation of awareness of diabetes mellitus and associated factors in four health center areas. Patient Education and Counseling, 62(1), 142-147.doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.06.018
Carolan, M. (2013). Women's experiences of gestational diabetes self-management: a qualitative study.
Midwifery, 29(6), 637-645. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2012.05.013 Carolan, M., Gill, G. K., & Steele, C. (2012). Women’s experiences of factors that facilitate or inhibit gestational diabetes self-management. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12(1), 99. doi:10.1186/ 1471-2393-12-99
Carolan, M., Steele, C., & Margetts, H. (2010). Attitudes towards gestational diabetes among a multiethnic cohort in Australia. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(17-18), 2446-2453. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03305.x
Carolan, M., Steele, C., & Margetts, H. (2010). Knowledge of gestational diabetes among a multi-ethnic cohort in Australia. Midwifery, 26(6), 579-588. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2009.01.006
Choi, E. S., Oh, J. A., & Park, J. S. (2001). A study of nurses knowledges on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 7(4), 419-431. Retrieved from http:// koreamed.org/ SearchBasic.php
Choi, E. S., Oh, J. A., Hur, M. H., Lee, I. S., & Choi, S. Y. (2000). The knowledge and learning needs about Gestational Diabetes in pregnant women. Journal of Korean Academy of Women's Health Nursing, 6(1), 96-108. Retrieved from http://koreamed.org/SearchBasic.php
Clapperton, M., Jarvis, J., & Mungrue, K. (2009). Is gestational diabetes mellitus an important contributor to metabolic disorders in Trinidad and Tobago? Obstetrics and Gynecology International, 2009. doi: dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/289329
Das, S. M., Mukherjee, S., & Baran, A. (2014). Knowledge regarding Diabetes among women residing in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13 (4), 41-14.Retrieved from http://www.iosrjournals.org/
Deepa, M., Bhansali, A., Anjana, R. M., Pradeepa, R., Joshi, S. R., Joshi, P. P., ... & Kaur, T. (2014). knowledge and awareness of diabetes in urban and rural India: The Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes Study (Phase I): Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes 4. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 18(3), 379. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.131191
Ding, C. H., Teng, C. L., & Koh, C. N. (2006). Knowledge of diabetes mellitus among diabetic and non-diabetic patients in Klinik Kesihatan Seremban. The Medical Journal of Malaysia, 61(4), 399-404. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/
Fezeu, L., Fointama, E., Ngufor, G., Mbeh, G., &Mbanya, J. C. (2010). Diabetes awareness in general population in Cameroon. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 90(3), 312-318. doi: http:// dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.06.029
Gastrich, M. D., Peck, S., Janevic, T., Bachmann, G., Lotwala, N., &Siyam, A. (2013). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: an educational opportunity. Journal of Diabetes Nursing, 17(6). Retrieved from http://www.thejournalofdiabetesnursing.co.uk/
Ghaffar, A., Reddy, K. S., &Singhi, M. (2004). Burden of non-communicable diseases in South Asia. BMJ, 328(7443), 807-810.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7443.807 Gulabani, M., John, M., & Isaac, R. (2008). Knowledge of diabetes, its treatment and complications amongst diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 33(3), 204. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.42068
Gunay, T., Ulusel, B., Velipasaoglu, S., Unal, B., Ucku, R., & Ozgener, N. (2006). Factors affecting adult knowledge of diabetes in Narlidere Health District, Turkey. Acta Diabetologica, 43(4), 142-147. doi: 10.1007/s00592-006-0230-6
He, X., & Wharrad, H. J. (2007). Diabetes knowledge and Glycemic control among Chinese people with type 2 diabetes. International nursing review, 54(3), 280-287. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2007.00570.x Hjelm, K., Bard, K., Nyberg, P., & Apelqvist, J. (2005). Swedish and Middle-Eastern-born women's beliefs about gestational diabetes. Midwifery, 21(1), 44-60. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2004.09.004
Hoffman, L., Nolan, C., Wilson, J. D., Oats, J. J., & Simmons, D. (1998). Gestational diabetes mellitus-management guidelines-The Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society. Medical Journal of Australia, 169(2), 93-97. Retrieved from http://ecite.utas.edu.au/13534
Huidobro, A., Prentice, A., Fulford, T., Parodi, C., & Rozowski, J. (2010). Gestational diabetes, comparison of women diagnosed in second and third trimester of pregnancy with non GDM women: Analysis of a cohort study. Rev Med Chile, 3, 316-21. doi: /S0034-98872010000300009.
Hussain, Z., Yusoff, Z. M., & Sulaiman, S. A. S. (2014). Evaluation of knowledge regarding gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with glycaemic level: A Malaysian study. Primary Care Diabetes. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2014.07.007
Joshi, S. R., Das, A. K., Vijay, V. J., & Mohan, V. (2008). Challenges in diabetes care in India: sheer numbers, lack of awareness and inadequate control. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 56, 443-450. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Legato, M. J., Gelzer, A., Goland, R., Ebner, S. A., Rajan, S., Villagra, V., & Kosowski, M. (2006). Gender-specific care of the patient with diabetes: review and recommendations. Gender Medicine, 3(2), 131-158. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Lorga, T., Srithong, K., Manokulanan, P., Aung, T. N. N., & Aung, M. N. (2012). Public knowledge of diabetes in Karen Ethnic rural residents: a community-based questionnaires study in the far north-west of Thailand. International Journal of General Medicine, 5, 799. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S33177Ma Mahajerin, A., Fras, A.,
Vanhecke, T. E., & Ledesma, J. (2008). Assessment of knowledge, awareness, and self-reported risk factors for type II diabetes among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(2), 188-190. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.019
Mahalakshmi, B., Stanly, A.M., & Vanishree (2013)Awareness about Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Antenatal Women Attending tertiary clinic. International Journal of Scientific Research, 2(10). Retrieved from http://www.ijem.in/temp/IndianJEndocrMetab171146-7017852_192938.pdf Metzger, B. E., Buchanan, T. A.,
Coustan, D. R., De Leiva, A., Dunger, D. B., Hadden, D. R., ... & Zoupas, C. (2007). Summary and recommendations of the fifth international workshop-conference on gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 30(Supplement 2), S251-S260. doi: 10.2337/dc07-s225
Mohan, D., Raj, D., Shanthirani, C. S., Datta, M., Unwin, N. C., Kapur, A., & Mohan, V. (2005). Awareness and Knowledge of diabetes in Chennai-The Chennai urban rural epidemiology study [CURES-9]. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 53, 283-287. Retrieved from www.japi.org/april2005/O-283.pdf Mumu, S. J.,
Saleh, F., Ara, F., Haque, M. R., & Ali, L. (2014). Awareness regarding risk factors of type 2 diabetes among individuals attending a tertiary-care hospital in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 7(1), 599. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-599
Muninarayana, C., Balachandra, G., Hiremath, S. G., Iyengar, K., & Anil, N. S. (2010). Prevalence and awareness regarding diabetes mellitus in rural Tamaka, Kolar. International journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 30(1), 18. Retrieved from http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC2859279/
Muninarayana, C., Balachandra, G., Hiremath, S. G., Iyengar, K., & Anil, N. S. (2010). Prevalence and awareness regarding diabetes mellitus in rural Tamaka, Kolar. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 30(1), 18. Retrieved from http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC2859279/
Murata, G. H., Shah, J. H., Adam, K. D., Wendel, C. S., Bokhari, S. U., Solvas, P. A., ... & Duckworth, W. C. (2003). Factors affecting diabetes knowledge in Type 2 diabetic veterans. Diabetologia, 46(8), 1170-1178. doi: 10.1007/s00125-003-1161-1
Murugesan, N., Snehalatha, C., Shobhana, R., Roglic, G., & Ramachandran, A. (2007). Awareness about diabetes and its complications in the general and diabetic population in a city in southern India. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 77(3), 433-437. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Pongmesa, T., Li, S. C., & Wee, H. L. (2009). A survey of knowledge on diabetes in the central region of Thailand. Value in Health, 12(s3), S110-S113. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00641.x
Rolim de Holanda, V., De Souza, M. A., Paulino dos Santos Rodrigues, M. C., Bezerra Pinheiro, A. K., & Coelho Damasceno, M. M. (2012). Knowledge of pregnant women about gestational diabetes mellitus. Journal of Nursing UFPE/Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 6(7). Retrieved from http://www.revista.ufpe.br/ revistaenfermagem/ index.php/ revista
Shivashankar, M., & Mani, D. (2011). A brief overview of diabetes. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(4), 22-27. Retrieved August 12, 2015, from http:// www.ijppsjournal.com/ Vol3Suppl4/2411a.pdf
Shriraam, V., Rani, M. A., Sathiyasekaran, B. W. C., & Mahadevan, S. (2013). Awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus among antenatal women in a primary health center in South India. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(1), 146. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3659882/
Singh, A., Milton, P. E., Nanaiah, A., Samuel, P., & Thomas, N. (2012). Awareness and attitude toward diabetes in the rural population of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. Indian journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 16(Suppl1), S83. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.94269
Tabassam, N., Sadaqat, F., Mahmood, K. T., &Zaka, M., (2010). Prevention and Management of Gestational Diabetes. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 2 (12), 404-410. Retrieved from http://www.onlinepharmacytech.info/docs/vol2issue12/JPST10-02-12-03.pdf
Ulvi, O. S., Chaudhary, R. Y., Ali, T., Alvi, R. A., Khan, M. F., Khan, M., ... &Alam, A. Y. (2009). Investigating the awareness level about Diabetes Mellitus and associated factors in Tarlai (Rural Islamabad). J Pak Med Assoc, 59, 798-801. Retrieved from http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=1861
Unadike, B. C., &Chineye, S. (2009). Knowledge, awareness, and impact of diabetes among adolescents in Uyo, Nigeria. African Journal of Diabetes Medicine, 3, 12-14. Retrieved from http://www.africanjournalofdiabetesmedicine.com
Wee, H. L., Ho, H. K., & Li, S. C. (2002). Public awareness of diabetes mellitus in Singapore. Singapore Medical Journal, 43(3), 128-134. Retrieved from http://www.singapore-medical.com/ ?gclid = CjwKEAiAhIejBRCKm_fTxIWyyXcSJABXY0XYYFdIuc-o_swZOIKrAWWRe5xvJxG9kixhh-Lia00X8xoCt6Xw_wcB
Yun, L. S., Hassan, Y., Aziz, N. A., Awaisu, A., & Ghazali, R. (2007). A comparison of knowledge of diabetes mellitus between patients with diabetes and healthy adults: a survey from north Malaysia. Patient Education and Counseling, 69(1), 47-54. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.017
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2019-01-01
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