Mapana Journal of Sciences

Leishman Staining for the identification of haemocytes in Bettles

2026-05-19T04:03:19+00:00

Haemocytes in insects play a vital role in immune responses, and their general appearance varies in different groups. Leishman stain is widely used for the staining and identification of blood cells. The present study was conducted to identify the haemocytes of two adult beetles, Pheropsophus sobrinus and Oryctes rhinoceros. Haemocytes were stained with Leishman stain, examined, counted under a microscope and photographed. The cells were identified based on their general appearance, size, shape and position of the nucleus. Prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, oenocytes, spherulocytes and adipohaemocytes are the major cells identified in the haemolymph. Differential haemocytes count showed a higher percentage of prohaemocytes in both the beetles. Plasmatocytes and adipohaemocytes had the second highest percentages in O. rhinoceros and oenocytes in P. sobrinus. The study enabled us to understand how the haemocytes of different insect species differ in terms of their appearance and number in concomitant with their mode of living.

Dipole Moments and Computational Study of 4(3IP)6MC and 4(3IP)6CLC Iodinated Coumarin Derivatives

2026-03-13T05:47:38+00:00

The comparative spectroscopic properties of the iodinated coumarin derivatives, viz., 4-(3-Iodo-phenoxymethyl)-6-methyl-chromen-2-one [4(3IP)6MC] and 6-Chloro-4-(3-iodo-phenoxymethyl)-chromen-2-one [4(3IP)6ClC], were investigated. Ground-state and excited-state dipole moments were evaluated by employing the solvatochromic shift method through the Lippert, Bakshiev, and Kawski–Chamma–Viallet equations in pure organic solvents at room temperature. Both compounds exhibited a bathochromic shift as a result of the excited-state dipole moments being greater than the ground-state dipole moments. This suggests a higher polarity in the excited state and validates the existence of intramolecular charge transfer. The change of dipole moment was 4.4D for 4(3IP)6MC and 4.9D for 4(3IP)6CLC. The Kamlet-Taft and Catalán linear solvation energy relationship model was further analyzed, revealing that hydrogen bonding interactions dominate over the dielectric interactions and dipolarity contributes to a lesser extent than polarizability for both molecules. The theoretical computational study was carried out with Gaussian 16W at the DFT/B3LYP/3-21G level. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) and nonlinear optical (NLO) parameters were evaluated. The results show notable enhanced parameters for 4(3IP)6CLC, indicating its potential as an efficient NLO material for advanced optical and imaging applications.

The Electrical Resistance Modulation in Silver Oxide Thin Films as a function of Thickness

2026-02-26T10:51:59+00:00

Silver oxide (Ag2O) thin films was deposited on to engraved fluorine –doped tin oxide (FTO ) glass surface using the Radio frequency (RF) sputtering technique. Post deposition, the layer was annealed at 200 C for 2 hours .the film thickness varies from 42 nm to 660 nm , was measured with a three dimensional (3D) non contact optical profiler .current voltage (I-V) characteristics was measured at room temperature , it reveals that the electrical resistivity of the thin films increased with increasing thickness. The Vander pauv method was used determine the electrical resistance, X-ray diffraction (XRD) examinations were used to assess the films structural characteristics, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to analyzed the surface morphology.