Mapana Journal of Sciences

Features of Projectile Motion in Quantum Calculus

Pintu Bhattacharya — 2024-04-25

In this paper, the equation of motion of a projectile in a resistive medium is revisited in view of quantum calculus. Quantum calculus, abbreviated as -calculus, is a recently recognized unconventional type of calculus in which q-derivatives of a real function can be obtained without limit. In order to describe the motion of a 2-D projectile, vertical and horizontal components of velocity in terms of -differential equations are presented in accordance with the exact classical expressions. The solutions are obtained in terms of the small-exponential function. Features of a projectile are also deducted one by one for relevance. It is also found that, when the parameter the present solutions and all the features take the form as they are in general Newtonian classical mechanics.

Correlation of Altering JS-metric with Dislocated metric

Gnanachandra Paulraj — 2024-04-25

The JS-metric space is a generalized metric space that was first established by Jleli and Samet in the year 2015. We have extended this metric with the aid of altering distance functions and commenced the concept of Altering JS-metric space. Hitzler and Seda introduced the idea of dislocated metric space in the year 2000. In this article, we have examined certain properties of the Altering JS-metric spaces and have discussed the interrelation between the dislocated metric space and the Altering JS-metric space.

A Comprehensive Investigation of Solvatochromism and Solvation in Medicinally Significant Sulfa Drugs: Estimation of Excited State Dipole Moments

Vibha K — 2024-04-25

The solvatochromic properties of important sulfa drug molecules sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamerazine (SMZ) and sulfamethazine (STZ) were investigated in solvents of different polarities, including their solvation in a binary THF-Water solvent mixture. Steady-state absorption and fluorescence methods were utilized to analyse the absorption and fluorescence spectra of these compounds, which reveals the significant spectral shifts corresponding to changes in solvent polarity. Further insights on the solvatochromic characteristics of the examined drug molecules were obtained using Lippert-Mataga, Reichardt’s, Kamlet-Taft, and Catalan’s solvent polarity approaches. The study also identified synergistic effects in the THF-Water solvent mixture. Different solvatochromic techniques were employed to calculate the excited-state dipole moment of the studied molecules. The Bilot-Kawaski approach was utilized to investigate the influence of solute polarizability on the excited state dipole moment and the change in dipole moment. Top of Form

Effect of Simarouba glauca leaf aqueous extract on the growth, immunological, haematological and biochemical parameters of Oreochromis niloticus

Gopika V S — 2024-04-25

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Simarouba glauca on the growth, haematology, immunological and biochemical parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. Concentrations ranging from 2500mg /kg to 7500mg/kg were supplemented through diet. Fishes were fed with C1(2500 mg of plant extract/kg of basal diet), C2 (5000 mg/kg of basal diet) and C3 (2500 mg/kg of basal diet), each with two replicates for 60 days. The results showed that fish-fed dietary Simarouba glauca gained more weight in C1 (83.14 ±1.11 g) than control (P< 0.01). Fish fed with C1 had a higher level of haematological content, while C3 showed the highest value of WBC (33.79±3.11). Significant increase in glucose level and decrease in protein level is reported at C1. Better results were reported in fish fed with diets 2500mg/kg and 5000mg/kg, revealing that at lower specific concentrations, these can be used as a feed supplement.

DNA Barcoding of Fish Fauna Using Mitochondrial CO1 Gene

Jisha Jacob Valiyaparambil — 2024-04-25

This study aimed to investigate the quantitative relationships between four fish species from three genera based on molecular analyses (barcoding) of nine species from five genera utilizing the mitochondrial COI gene. Species within the same genus showed more transitional incompatibilities than transversional mismatches. The samples were divided into four main groups by a phylogenetic tree built from the sequencing data (cytochrome COI) of samples from the two populations using the neighbour-joining method. As dissimilar species were clustered under separate nodes and similar species were clustered under the same nodes, the neighbour-joining tree revealed various clusters corresponding to the taxonomic status of the species. In conclusion, the mitochondrial CO1 gene is a useful molecular marker for DNA barcoding.

Molecular Identification of Dysphania Militaris, Tirumala Septentrionis and Euploea Core Based on Mitochondrial COI Gene

Jisha Jacob Valiyaparambil — 2024-04-25

Butterflies and moths belong to the second largest insect order, Lepidoptera, enclosing 46 super families and 126 families. Out of 15000 species of butterflies recorded globally, India harbours 1500 species, of which 316 species are found in Kerala. The morphological studies of Dysphania militaris (Family: Geometridae), Tirumala septentrionis (Family: Nymphalidae), Euploea core (Family: Nymphalidae) enabled the identification of the specimens up to species level and molecular confirmation was done by the analysis of mitochondrial CO1 gene. Genomic DNA, isolated from leg tissue extracts using a Genomic DNA extraction kit, was amplified using PCR specifically for the Mitochondrial encoded cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences (MT- CO I). The amplified product underwent Agarose gel electrophoresis, visualized under a UV-trans-illuminator, and later, gel elution was conducted. The sequences were analysed using COI gene-specific forward and reverse primers of insects. The BLAST results confirmed similarity with Dysphania militaris, Tirumala septentrionis and Euploea core.

A Study on Land Use Change and Water Quality in the Wetland of Kuttanad Region, Southern India

Higgins Robert — 2024-04-25

Land use changes in urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural processes will continue to have negative impacts on water quality at all scales. The impact of land use change on water quality is generally studied by analysing the relationship between land use and water quality indicators. Water samples were collected from the surface of Pampa River basin, and analysed for physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Water quality parameters such as electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Biochemical oxygen demand, Total Coliform, and Fecal Coliform, were found to be high in the urban environment. On the other hand, water pH and ‘DO’ were high in forest area, and nitrate values and E.Coli were maximum in SMT land use. The water pollution index (WPI) showed that the river water was very pure in the forest area, moderately polluted in the paddy fields, polluted in the urban environment and heavily polluted in the SMT land use.

Molecular Taxonomy of Littoraria Species (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) from Southwest Coast of Kerala

Hari B — 2024-04-25

DNA barcoding, using a 680 bp segment of the COI gene, encoding COX I, not only successfully identified 12 samples of Littoraria species along the Southwest coast of Kerala but also revealed significant intra and interspecific-genetic distances, thereby supporting accurate species discrimination. The construction of a neighbour-joining tree, using the K2P model, further demonstrated that the genus Littoraria forms a monophyletic group with robust bootstrap values. This study significantly enhances our understanding of biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships within Littoraria spp. in the region, thereby showcasing the invaluable utility of DNA barcoding for conservation efforts. These groundbreaking results pave the way for future research on this genus's biogeography and population dynamics, thereby contributing invaluable insights for conservation initiatives.

Physico-Chemical Assesment Of Drinking Water Of Costal Area Of Vizhinjam During Pre and Post Monsoon Seasons

K Rajesk — 2024-04-25

The construction of a seaport at Vizhinjam in Trivandrum has evoked talks about possible environmental repercussions in the region. The present study is an attempt to analyze the physicochemical assessment of drinking water quality of different stations near the construction site of Vizhinjam port. It was evaluated during pre and post-monsoon seasons. Temperature, pH, TDS, EC, DO, total alkalinity, T-H, Ca-H, Mg-H and Cl₂ levels were analyzed. The study shows variation of temperature between 25 °C and 27 °C. pH varied between 6.7 and 7.4. The present study is significant for public hygiene in the public interest. Most parameters that were studied were found to be within approved BIS levels and showed drinkability.

Gamma Ray Bursts: Fundamentals, Challenges and Insights from Recent Observations

Arbind Pradhan — 2024-04-25

In astronomy, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are some of the most intriguing and enigmatic phenomena. GRBs are the most luminous events in the cosmos, and they are bursts of strong but brief gamma-ray (GR) flashes. GRBs have a highly interesting nature and can last anywhere from a few hundred seconds to a tiny fraction of a second. A GRB produces an afterglow that lasts longer and gradually fades. The discovery of afterglow has brought about a revolution in the area of GRB. We have discussed GRBs and their classifications in this paper. Moreover, we summarized the mechanisms behind the bursts, the features seen, the afterglow, and the fireball model of GRBs. Apart from the fireball model of GRBs, alternative models are also discussed, for example, the accretion model for the long GRBs and the pulsar model used to explain the short GRBs.