Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): Mapana Journal of Sciences
Research Articles

Rietveld refinement, electrochemical and CW laser-induced third-order NLO properties of (Mg+Ag) and (Mg+Li) doped thin films of CdO

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  • R Ganapathi,
  • T Arivudainambi,
  • S Sakthivel,
  • A R Balu
R Ganapathi
Department of Physics, Kamadhenu College of Arts & Science, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India
T Arivudainambi
PG and Research Department of Physics, Rajah Serfoji Govt College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
S Sakthivel
PG and Research Department of Physics, Rajah Serfoji Govt College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
A R Balu
PG and Research Department of Physics, AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.77.5

Published 2026-06-25

Keywords

  • Spray pyrolysis,
  • Z-scan,
  • optical switching,
  • electrochemical,
  • pseudocapacitor

Copyright (c) 2026

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Abstract

Thin films of CdO doped with (Mg+Ag) and (Mg+Li) were spray deposited. Rietveld refined XRD patterns confirmed the cubic nature of the deposited films. Crystallite sizes were 29 and 24 nm for the (Mg+Ag) and (Mg+Li) thin films, respectively. The third-order nonlinear absorption of both films exhibits reverse saturable absorption due to two-photon absorption, and they have high refractive indices. Compared to (Mg+Ag), the (Mg+Li)- codoped film exhibits a high susceptibility of 4.39 × 10-6 esu due to the localised electric-field effect induced by Li+ ion incorporation. The enhanced nonlinear optical behaviour observed in the (Mg+Li)- codoped film makes it potentially suitable for optical switching devices. The presence of anodic and cathodic peaks demonstrates the pseudocapacitive nature of MA and ML. The specific capacitance (CS), charge transfer resistance (RCT) values were estimated to be 123.6 F/g, 92.8 x 103 ohms and 189.2 F/g, 47.4 x 103 ohms for (Mg+Ag) and (Mg+Li) thin films, respectively. Increased CS and RCT values realized for the (Mg+Li) codoped film confirmed its utility in electrochemical devices, especially as a pseudocapacitor.

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