Enhancement of Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluents by local Isolated Fungi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.39.3Keywords:
Palm Oil Mill Effluent, Biodegradation, GulurAbstract
This study was designed to investigate the fungi associated with palm oil mill effluent (POME) in Gulur village of Tumkur. Biodegradation of palm oil mill effluents was conducted to measure the discarded POME based on physicochemical quality. The fungi that were isolated are Aspergillusniger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. ochraceus, Rhizopussp, Peniciliumsp and Trichodermavirde. The autoclaved and unautoclaved raw POME samples were incubated for 7 days and the activities of the fungi were observed each for 12 hours. The supernatants of the digested POME were investigated for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color (ADMI), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at the end of each digestion cycle. The results showed that the unautoclaved raw POME sample degraded better than the inoculated POME sample and this suggests that the microorganisms that are indigenous in the POME are more effective than the introduced micro-organisms. This result, however, indicates the prospect of isolating indigenous microorganisms in the POME for effective biodegradation of POME. Moreover, the effective treatment of POME yields useful products such as reduction of BOD, COD, and color.
References
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[3] P. Singh nee’Nigam and A. Pandey. Biotechnology for Agro-Industrial-Residues-Utilisation. vol. 1, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., New York, NY, USA, 2009.
[4] J. Cheng, X. Zhu, J. Ni, andA. Borthwick. Palmoil mill effluent treatment using a two-stage microbial fuel cells system integrated with immobilized biological aerated filters. Bioresource Technology.vol. 101, pp. 2729–2734, 2010.
[5] M. Ayyachamy, K. M. Turner, A. O’Donovan, V. K. Gupta, and M. G. Tuohy, Laboratory Protocols in Fungal Biology: Current Methods in Fungal Biology, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2012.
[6] Malaysia, D. o. E. o., Revised Standard Methods (1985) for Analysis of Rubber and Palm Oil Effluents, 2nd edition, 1995.
[7] A. D. Eaton and M. A. H. Franson. Standard methods for the examination of water & wastewater, 2005.
[8] A. M. Jirka and M. J. Carter. Micro semi-automated analysis of surface and wastewaters for chemical oxygen demand. Analytical Chemistry.vol. 47, pp. 1397–1402, 1975.
[9] A. P. H. Association and A. W. W. Association. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 1976.
[10] K. Riedel, R. Renneberg, M. Kuhn, and F. Scheller. A fast estimation of biochemical oxygen demand using microbial sensors. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 28, pp. 316–318, 1988.
[11] N. Abdullah, Z. Ujang, and A. Yahya. Aerobic granular sludge formation for high strength agro-based wastewater treatment. Bioresource Technology.vol. 102, pp. 6778–6781, 2011.
[12] P. Ghosh, R. Saxena, R. Gupta, R. Yadav, and S. Davidson. Microbial lipases: production and applications. Science Progress.vol. 79, pp. 119–158, 1996.
[13] E. I. Ohimain, C.Daokoru-Olukole, S. C. Izah, R. A. Eke, and A.C. Okonkwo. Microbiology of palm oil mill effluents. Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology Research, vol. 2, pp. 852,2012.
[14] E. I. Ohimain, E. I. Seiyaboh, S. C. Izah, V. Oghenegueke, and T.Perewarebo. Some selected physico-chemical and heavy metal properties of palmoil mill effluents. Greener Journal of Physical Sciences.vol. 2, pp. 131–137, 2012.
[15] E. I. Ohimain, S. C. Izah, and N. Jenakumo. Physicochemical and microbial screening of palm oil mill effluents for amylase production. Greener Journal of Biological Sciences.vol. 3, pp. 307–318, 2013.
[16] L.O. Okwuteand N. R. Isu. The environmental impact of palm oil mill effluent (pome) on some physico-chemical parameters and total aerobic bioload of soil at a dump site in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 2,pp. 656–662, 2007.
[17] B. Hajek, D. Karlen, B. Lowery et al., Erosion and soil properties in Proceedings of Soil Erosion and Productivity Workshop, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn, USA, 1990.
[18] H. M. Gopalkrushna. Assessment of physico-chemical status of ground water samples in Akot city. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences. vol. 1, pp. 117–124, 2011.
[19] S. A. Kamal, J. M. Jahim, N. Anuaret al., Pre-treatment effect of palm oil mill effluent (POME) during hydrogen production by a local isolate clostridium butyricum. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology.vol. 2, pp. 54–60, 2011.
[20] M. N. Ahmad, M. N. Mokhtar, A. S. Baharuddinet al., Changes in physicochemical and microbial community during co-composting of oil palm frond with palm oil mill effluent anaerobic sludge. BioResources.vol. 6, pp. 4762–4780,2011b.
[21] E. O. Ugoji. Anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent and its utilization as fertilizer for environmental protection. Renewable Energy.vol. 10, pp. 291–294, 1997.
[22] C. P. Leslie Grady Jr., G. T. Daigger, and H. C. Lim. Biological Wastewater Treatment, CRC Press, Montreal, Canada, 1999.
[23] R. R. Mohammed, M. R. Ketabachi, and G. McKay. Combined magnetic field and adsorption process for treatment of biologically treated palm oil mill effluent (POME).Chemical Engineering Journal.vol. 243, pp. 31–42, 2014.
[24] M. B. Agustin, W. P. Sengpracha, and W. Phutdhawong. Electrocoagulation of palm oil mill effluent. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.vol. 5, pp.177–180, 2008.
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Published
2016-10-14
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