GRAPHENE BASED MATERIALS FOR SUPERCAPACITORS
Keywords:
supercapacitors, electrode, energy storage, graphene, activated carbonAbstract
The adoption of more environmental friendly means of harnessing and storing energy while minimizing harmful effects on the environment is becoming more significant. Supercapacitors are becoming a more favored means of energy storage systems owing to their higher surface area electrodes and thinner dielectrics. For greater capacitances, a suitable material must have high porosity. Such a suitable material is carbon, most notably graphene, with superior electrical properties, chemical stability and high surface area. This review focuses on the types of mechanism for storing energy, the types of materials used in supercapacitors, and the applications and scope of supercapacitor research and development.
References
[2] W. Raza, F. Ali, N. Raza, Y. Luo, K.-H. Kim, J. Yang, S. Kumar, A. Mehmood and E. E. Kwon, "Recent advancements in supercapacitor technology," Nano Energy, vol. 52, pp. 441-473, 2018.
[3] AZoNano, "What is an Ultracapacitor?," 6 7 2012. [Online]. Available: http://azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3044. [Accessed 23 11 2019].
[4] Wikipedia Contributors, "Supercapacitor," 18 11 2018. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercapacitor#Energy_recovery. [Accessed 23 11 2019].
[5] A. Borenstein, O. Hanna, R. Attias, S. Luski, T. Brousse and D. Aurbach, "Carbon-based composite materials for supercapacitor electrodes: a review," Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 5, no. 25, pp. 12653-12672, 2017.
[6] C. Liu, Z. Yu, D. Neff, A. Zhamu and B. Z. Jang, "Graphene-Based Supercapacitor with an Ultrahigh Energy Density," Nano Letters, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 4863-4868, 2010.
[7] X. Zhang, H. Zhang, C. Li, K. Wang, X. Sun and Y. Ma, "Recent advances in porous graphene materials for supercapacitor applications," RSC Adv., vol. 4, no. 86, pp. 45862-45884, 2014.
[8] Q. Ke and J. Wang, "Graphene-Based Materials for Supercapacitor Electrodes – A Review," Journal of Materiomics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 37-54, 2016.
[9] C.-F. Liu, Y.-C. Liu, T.-Y. Yi and C.-C. Hu, "Carbon materials for high-voltage supercapacitors," Carbon, vol. 145, pp. 529-548, 2019.
[10] X. Zhang, H. Zhang, C. Li, K. Wang, X. Sun and Y. Ma, "A Review of Supercapacitor Modeling, Estimation, and Applications: A Control/Management Perspective," RSC Adv., vol. 4, no. 86, pp. 45862-45884, 2014.
[11] E. Goikolea and R. Mysyk, "Nanotechnology in Electrochemical Capacitors," in Emerging Nanotechnologies in Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems, 2017, pp. 131-169.
[12] H. Wang and L. Pilon, "Accurate Simulations of Electric Double Layer Capacitance of Ultramicroelectrodes," The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 115, no. 33, pp. 16711-16719, 2011.
[13] A. Velikonja, E. Gongadze, V. Kralj-Iglič and A. Iglič, "Charge Dependent Capacitance of Stern Layer and Capacitance of Electrode/Electrolyte Interface," International Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol. 9, pp. 5885 - 5894, 2014.
[14] P. Simon and Y. Gogotsi, "Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors," Nature Materials, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 845-854, 2008.
[15] E. Esther, Y. Hua and H. H. Tezel, "Materials for Energy storage: Review of Electrode Materials and Methods of Inncreasing Capacitance for Supercapacitors," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 20, pp. 30-40, 2018.
[16] P. Ratajczak, M. E. Suss, F. Kaasik and F. Béguin, "Carbon electrodes for capacitive technologies," Energy Storage Materials, vol. 16, pp. 126-145, 2019.
[17] B. E. Conway, "Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Pseudocapacitance," Electrochemical Supercapacitors , pp. 221-257, 1999.
[18] "Intercalation / Deintercalation," 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.fkf.mpg.de/133111/De_Intercalation.
[19] V. Augustyn, P. Simon and B. Dunn, "Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage," Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 1597, 2014.
[20] A. S. Lemine, M. M. Zagho, T. M. Altahtamouni and N. Bensalah, "Graphene a promising electrode material for supercapacitors-A review," International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 42, no. 14, pp. 4284-4300, 2018.
[21] G. A. Snook, P. Kao and A. S. Best, "Conducting-polymer-based supercapacitor devices and electrodes," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 196, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2011.
[22] D. Saha, Y. Li, Z. Bi, J. Chen, J. K. Keum, D. K. Hensley, H. A. Grappe, H. M. Meyer, S. Dai, M. P. Paranthaman and A. K. Naskar, "Studies on Supercapacitor Electrode Material from Activated Lignin-Derived Mesoporous Carbon," Langmuir, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 900-910, 2014.
[23] C. Peng, X.-b. Yan, R.-t. Wang, J.-w. Lang, Y.-j. Ou and Q.-j. Xue, "Promising activated carbons derived from waste tea-leaves and their application in high performance supercapacitors electrodes," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 87, pp. 401-408, 2013.
[24] M. Zhi, F. Yang, F. Meng, M. Li, A. Manivannan and N. Wu, "Effects of Pore Structure on Performance of An Activated-Carbon Supercapacitor Electrode Recycled from Scrap Waste Tires," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 1592-1598, 2014.
[25] G. Hegde, S. A. A. Manaf, A. Kumar, G. A. M. Ali, K. F. Chong, Z. Ngaini and K. V. Sharma, "Biowaste Sago Bark Based Catalyst Free Carbon Nanospheres: Waste to Wealth Approach," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 2247-2253, 2015.
[26] L. L. Zhang and X. S. Zhao, "Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes," Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 2520-2531, 2009.
[27] M. Dhelipan, A. Arunchander, A. Sahu and D. Kalpana, "Activated carbon from orange peels as supercapacitor electrode and catalyst support for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 487-494, 2017.
[28] J. Xu, L. Chen, H. Qu, Y. Jiao, J. Xie and G. Xing, "Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from reedy grass leaves by chemical activation with H3PO4," Applied Surface Science, vol. 320, pp. 674-680, 2014.
[29] P. González-García, "Activated carbon from lignocellulosics precursors: A review of the synthesis methods, characterization techniques and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82, pp. 1393-1414, 2018.
[30] J. D. L. Fuente, "Graphene Supercapacitors - What Are They?," 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-supercapacitors#.Xdz_B-gzZPY. [Accessed 18 11 2019].
[31] "The Graphene Council," 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.thegraphenecouncil.org/default.aspx?page=Supercapcitor. [Accessed 18 11 2019].
[32] L. L. Zhang, R. Zhou and X. S. Zhao, "Graphene-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes," Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 29, p. 5893, 2010.
[33] J. Li, X. Huang, L. Cui, N. Chen and L. Qu, "Preparation and supercapacitor performance of assembled graphene fiber and foam," Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 212-220, 2016.
[34] I. Khakpour, A. R. Baboukani, A. Allagui and C. Wang, "Bipolar Exfoliation and in Situ Deposition of High-Quality Graphene for Supercapacitor Application," ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 4813-4820, 2019.
[35] Z. Fan, Q. Zhao, T. Li, J. Yan, Y. Ren, J. Feng and T. Wei, "Easy synthesis of porous graphene nanosheets and their use in supercapacitors," Carbon, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 1699-1703, 2012.
[36] P. Xu, J. Kang, J.-B. Choi, J. Suhr, J. Yu, F. Li, J.-H. Byun, B.-S. Kim and T.-W. Chou, "Laminated Ultrathin Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene Films Based Stretchable and Transparent High-Rate Supercapacitor," ACS Nano, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 9437-9445, 2014.
[37] N. A. Kumar and J.-B. Baek, "Doped graphene supercapacitors," Nanotechnology, vol. 26, no. 49, p. 492001, 2015.
[38] N. A. Kumar, H. Nolan, N. McEvoy, E. Rezvani, R. L. Doyle, M. E. G. Lyons and G. S. Duesberg, "Plasma-assisted simultaneous reduction and nitrogen doping of graphene oxide nanosheets," Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 1, no. 14, p. 4431, 2013.
[39] Z.-Y. Sui, Y.-N. Meng, P.-W. Xiao, Z.-Q. Zhao, Z.-X. Wei and B.-H. Han, "Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Aerogels as Efficient Supercapacitor Electrodes and Gas Adsorbents," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1431-1438, 2015.
[40] D. Liu, C. Fu, N. Zhang, H. Zhou and Y. Kuang, "Three-Dimensional Porous Nitrogen doped Graphene Hydrogel for High Energy Density supercapacitors," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 213, pp. 291-297, 2016.
[41] H. Peng, G. Ma, K. Sun, Z. Zhang, Q. Yang, F. Ran and Z. Lei, "A facile and rapid preparation of highly crumpled nitrogen-doped graphene-like nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors," Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 3, no. 25, pp. 13210-13214, 2015.
[42] J.-P. Randin and E. Yeager, "Effect of boron addition on the differential capacitance of stress-annealed pyrolytic graphite," Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 93-100, 1974.
[43] L. Niu, Z. Li, W. Hong, J. Sun, Z. Wang, L. Ma, J. Wang and S. Yang, "Pyrolytic synthesis of boron-doped graphene and its application as electrode material for supercapacitors," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 108, pp. 666-673, 2013.
[44] P. Chen, J.-J. Yang, S.-S. Li, Z. Wang, T.-Y. Xiao, Y.-H. Qian and S.-H. Yu, "Hydrothermal synthesis of macroscopic nitrogen-doped graphene hydrogels for ultrafast supercapacitor," Nano Energy, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 249-256, 2013.
[45] S.-M. Jung, E. K. Lee, M. Choi, D. Shin, I.-Y. Jeon, J.-M. Seo, H. Y. Jeong, N. Park, J. H. Oh and J.-B. Baek, "Direct Solvothermal Synthesis of B/N-Doped Graphene," Angewandte Chemie, vol. 126, no. 9, pp. 2430-2433, 2014.
[46] Z.-S. Wu, A. Winter, L. Chen, Y. Sun, A. Turchanin, X. Feng and K. Müllen, "Three-Dimensional Nitrogen and Boron Co-doped Graphene for High-Performance All-Solid-State Supercapacitors," Advanced Materials, vol. 24, no. 37, pp. 5130-5135, 2012.
[47] Z. Chen, L. Hou, Y. Cao, Y. Tang and Y. Li, "Gram-scale production of B, N co-doped graphene-like carbon for high performance supercapacitor electrodes," Applied Surface Science, vol. 435, pp. 937-944, 2018.
[48] D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, A. M. Puziy, O. I. Poddubnaya, F. Suárez-García, J. M. D. Tascón and G. Q. Lu, "Highly Stable Performance of Supercapacitors from Phosphorus-Enriched Carbons," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 131, no. 14, pp. 5026-5027, 2009.
[49] P. Karthika, N. Rajalakshmi and K. S. Dhathathreyan, "Phosphorus-Doped Exfoliated Graphene for Supercapacitor Electrodes," Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1746-1751, 2013.
[50] Y. Wen, B. Wang, C. Huang, L. Wang and D. Hulicova-Jurcakova, "Synthesis of Phosphorus-Doped Graphene and its Wide Potential Window in Aqueous Supercapacitors," Chemistry - A European Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 80-85, 2014.
[51] T. Guan, L. Shen and N. Bao, "Hydrophilicity Improvement of Graphene Fibers for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitor," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 58, no. 37, pp. 17338-17345, 2019.
[52] S. Wang, N. Liu, J. Su, L. Li, F. Long, Z. Zou, X. Jiang and Y. Gao, "Highly Stretchable and Self-Healable Supercapacitor with Reduced Graphene Oxide Based Fiber Springs," ACS Nano, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 2066-2074, 2017.
[53] S. Chen, W. Ma, Y. Cheng, Z. Weng, B. Sun, L. Wang, W. Chen, F. Li, M. Zhu and H.-M. Cheng, "Scalable non-liquid-crystal spinning of locally aligned graphene fibers for high-performance wearable supercapacitors," Nano Energy, vol. 15, pp. 642-653, 2015.
[54] G. Qu, J. Cheng, X. Li, D. Yuan, P. Chen, X. Chen, B. Wang and H. Peng, "A Fiber Supercapacitor with High Energy Density Based on Hollow Graphene/Conducting Polymer Fiber Electrode," Advanced Materials, vol. 28, no. 19, pp. 3646-3652, 2016.
[55] Z. Yang, J. Deng, X. Chen, J. Ren and H. Peng, "A Highly Stretchable, Fiber-Shaped Supercapacitor," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 52, no. 50, pp. 13453-13457, 2013.
[56] X. Li, T. Zhao, K. Wang, Y. Yang, J. Wei, F. Kang, D. Wu and H. Zhu, "Directly Drawing Self-Assembled, Porous, and Monolithic Graphene Fiber from Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Graphene Film and Its Electrochemical Properties," Langmuir, vol. 27, no. 19, pp. 12164-12171, 2011.
[57] G. Huang, C. Hou, Y. Shao, B. Zhu, B. Jia, H. Wang, Q. Zhang and Y. Li, "High-performance all-solid-state yarn supercapacitors based on porous graphene ribbons," Nano Energy, vol. 12, pp. 26-32, 2015.
[58] H. H. Shi, S. Jang and H. E. Naguib, "Freestanding Laser-Assisted Reduced Graphene Oxide Microribbon Textile Electrode Fabricated on a Liquid Surface for Supercapacitors and Breath Sensors," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 11, no. 30, pp. 27183-27191, 2019.
[59] S. Grover, S. Goel, V. Sahu, G. Singh and R. K. Sharma, "Asymmetric Supercapacitive Characteristics of PANI Embedded Holey Graphene Nanoribbons," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 1460-1469, 2015.
[60] V. Sahu, S. Shekhar, R. K. Sharma and G. Singh, "Ultrahigh Performance Supercapacitor from Lacey Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 3110-3116, 2015.
[61] M. Khandelwal and A. Kumar, "One-step chemically controlled wet synthesis of graphene nanoribbons from graphene oxide for high performance supercapacitor applications," Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 3, no. 45, pp. 22975-22988, 2015.
[62] T. Kuilla, S. Bhadra, D. Yao, N. H. Kim, S. Bose and J. H. Lee, "Recent advances in graphene based polymer composites," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1350-1375, 2010.
[63] C. Xiang, Y. Liu, Y. Yin, P. Huang, Y. Zou, M. Fehse, Z. She, F. Xu, D. Banerjee, D. H. Merino, A. Longo, H.-B. Kraatz, D. F. Brougham, B. Wu and L. Sun, "Facile Green Route to Ni/Co Oxide Nanoparticle Embedded 3D Graphitic Carbon Nanosheets for High Performance Hybrid Supercapacitor Devices," ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 3389-3399, 2019.
[64] J. Chen, Y. Wang, J. Cao, Y. Liu, Y. Zhou, J.-H. Ouyang and D. Jia, "Facile Co-Electrodeposition Method for High-Performance Supercapacitor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polypyrrole Composite Film," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 9, no. 23, pp. 19831-19842, 2017.
[65] S. Dhibar, P. Bhattacharya, D. Ghosh, G. Hatui and C. K. Das, "Graphene–Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes–Poly(3-methylthiophene) Ternary Nanocomposite for Supercapacitor Electrode Materials," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 53, no. 33, pp. 13030-13045, 2014.
[66] G. Zhang, Y. Chen, Y. Deng and C. Wang, "A Triblock Copolymer Design Leads to Robust Hybrid Hydrogels for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 9, no. 41, pp. 36301-36310, 2017.
[67] L.-l. Jiang, X. Lu, C.-m. Xie, G.-j. Wan, H.-p. Zhang and T. Youhong, "Flexible, Free-Standing TiO2–Graphene–Polypyrrole Composite Films as Electrodes for Supercapacitors," The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 119, no. 8, pp. 3903-3910, 2015.
[68] L. Halder, A. Maitra, A. K. Das, R. Bera, S. K. Karan, S. Paria, A. Bera, S. K. Si and B. B. Khatua, "Fabrication of an Advanced Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Three-Dimensional Copper–Nickel–Cerium–Cobalt Quaternary Oxide and GNP for Energy Storage Application," ACS Applied Electronic Materials, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 189-197, 2019.
[69] R. Kumar, R. K. Singh, P. K. Dubey, D. P. Singh and R. M. Yadav, "Self-Assembled Hierarchical Formation of Conjugated 3D Cobalt Oxide Nanobead–CNT–Graphene Nanostructure Using Microwaves for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrode," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 7, no. 27, pp. 15042-15051, 2015.
[70] C. Zhang, B. Zheng, C. Huang, Y. Li, J. Wang, S. Tang, M. Deng and Y. Du, "Heterostructural Three-Dimensional Reduced Graphene Oxide/CoMn2O4 Nanosheets toward a Wide-Potential Window for High-Performance Supercapacitors," ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 5219-5230, 2019.
[71] Y. Cheng, Y. Zhang and C. Meng, "Template Fabrication of Amorphous Co2SiO4 Nanobelts/Graphene Oxide Composites with Enhanced Electrochemical Performances for Hybrid Supercapacitors," ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 3830-3839, 2019.
[72] S. Wu, C. Liu, D. A. Dinh, K. S. Hui, K. N. Hui, J. M. Yun and K. H. Kim, "Three-Dimensional Self-Standing and Conductive MnCO3@Graphene/CNT Networks for Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 9763-9770, 2019.
[73] H. Jiang, X. Ye, Y. Zhu, Z. Yue, L. Wang, J. Xie, Z. Wan and C. Jia, "Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors with High Areal Performance Enabled by Chlorine-Doped Graphene Films with Commercial-Level Mass Loading," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019.
[74] Z. Xu, Z. Li, C. M. B. Holt, X. Tan, H. Wang, B. S. Amirkhiz, T. Stephenson and D. Mitlin, "Electrochemical Supercapacitor Electrodes from Sponge-like Graphene Nanoarchitectures with Ultrahigh Power Density," The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 3, no. 20, pp. 2928-2933, 2012.
[75] H.-C. Chen, Y.-C. Lin, Y.-L. Chen and C.-J. Chen, "Facile Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Nanoarchitectures of VO2/Graphene@NiS2 Hybrid Aerogel for High-Performance All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density," ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 459-467, 2018.
[76] C. Liu, X. Zhao, S. Wang, Y. Zhang, W. Ge, J. Li, J. Cao, J. Tao and X. Yang, "Freestanding, Three-Dimensional, and Conductive MoS2 Hydrogel via the Mediation of Surface Charges for High-Rate Supercapacitor," ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 4458-4463, 2019.
[77] N. A. Elessawy, J. E. Nady, W. Wazeer and A. B. Kashyout, "Development of High-Performance Supercapacitor based on a Novel Controllable Green Synthesis for 3D Nitrogen Doped Graphene," Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019.
[78] H. Wan, J. Liu, Y. Ruan, L. Lv, L. Peng, X. Ji, L. Miao and J. Jiang, "Hierarchical Configuration of NiCo2S4 Nanotube@Ni–Mn Layered Double Hydroxide Arrays/Three-Dimensional Graphene Sponge as Electrode Materials for High-Capacitance Supercapacitors," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 7, no. 29, pp. 15840-15847, 2015.
[79] Y. Li, S. Liu, Y. Liang, Y. Xiao, H. Dong, M. Zheng, H. Hu and Y. Liu, "Bark-Based 3D Porous Carbon Nanosheet with Ultrahigh Surface Area for High Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Material," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 7, no. 16, pp. 13827-13835, 2019.
[80] S. R. Mangisetti, M. Kamaraj and R. Sundara, "Green Approach for Synthesizing Three Different Carbon Microstructures from a Single Biowaste Bombax malabaricum for Fully Biocompatible Flexible Supercapacitors and Their Performance in Various Electrolytes," ACS Omega, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 6399-6410, 2019.
[81] T. Chen, J. Zhang, P. Shi, Y. Li, L. Zhang, Z. Sun, R. He, T. Duan and W. Zhu, "Thalia dealbata Inspired Anisotropic Cellular Biomass Derived Carbonaceous Aerogel," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 17152-17159, 2018.
[82] F. Hekmat, S. Shahrokhian and N. Taghavinia, "Ultralight Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based On Manganese Dioxide–Polyaniline Nanocomposite and Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes Directly Deposited on Foldable Cellulose Papers," The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 122, no. 48, pp. 27156-27168, 2018.
[83] K. Nanaji, V. Upadhyayula, T. N. Rao and S. Anandan, "Robust, Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Nanoporous Graphene Sheets from Biowaste for Ultrafast Supercapacitor Application," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 2516-2529, 2018.
[84] F. Gao, J. Qu, Z. Zhao, Z. Wang and J. Qiu, "Nitrogen-doped activated carbon derived from prawn shells for high-performance supercapacitors," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 190, pp. 1134-1141, 2016.
[85] Y. Jiao, C. Qu, B. Zhao, Z. Liang, H. Chang, S. Kumar, R. Zou, M. Liu and K. S. Walton, "High-Performance Electrodes for a Hybrid Supercapacitor Derived from a Metal–Organic Framework/Graphene Composite," ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 5029-5038, 2019.
[86] M. Chandel, P. Makkar and N. N. Ghosh, "Ag–Ni Nanoparticle Anchored Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as Advanced Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Application," ACS Applied Electronic Materials, vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 1215-1224, 2019.
[87] S. Sundriyal, V. Shrivastav, H. Kaur, S. Mishra and A. Deep, "High-Performance Symmetrical Supercapacitor with a Combination of a ZIF-67/rGO Composite Electrode and a Redox Additive Electrolyte," ACS Omega, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 17348-17358, 2018.
[88] W. Zhang, B. Quan, C. Lee, S.-K. Park, X. Li, E. Choi, G. Diao and Y. Piao, "One-Step Facile Solvothermal Synthesis of Copper Ferrite–Graphene Composite as a High-Performance Supercapacitor Material," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 2404-2414, 2015.
[89] Q. Chang, L. Li, H. Qiao, L. Sai, Y. Zhang, W. Shi and L. Huang, "Enhanced Electrolyte Ion Penetration in Microdome-like Graphene with High Mass Loading for High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors," ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 6790-6799, 2019.
[90] S. Wang, J. Shen, Q. Wang, Y. Fan, L. Li, K. Zhang, L. Yang, W. Zhang and X. Wang, "High-Performance Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly PANI/GQD-rGO/CFC Electrodes for a Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitor by a Facile Spraying Technique," ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1077-1085, 2019.
[91] H. H. Hsu, A. Khosrozadeh, B. Li, G. Luo, M. Xing and W. Zhong, "An Eco-Friendly, Nanocellulose/RGO/in Situ Formed Polyaniline for Flexible and Free-Standing Supercapacitors," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 4766-4776, 2019.
[92] Y. Wu, J. Zhu and L. Huang, "A review of three-dimensional graphene-based materials: Synthesis and applications to energy conversion/storage and environment," Carbon, vol. 143, pp. 610-640, 2019.
[93] B. Jia, "Graphene supercapcitors for electric vehicles".
[94] L. Manjakkal, C. G. Núñez, W. Dang and R. Dahiya, "Flexible Self-Charging Supercapacitor Based on Graphene-Ag-3D Graphene Foam Electrodes," Nano Energy, no. 51, pp. 604-612, 2018.
[95] B. K. Kim, S. Sy, A. Yu and J. Zhang, "Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Conversion," Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, pp. 1-25, 2015.
[96] electrive.com, "Solaris delivers eleven hybrid buses to Romania," 19 11 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.electrive.com/2019/11/19/solaris-delivers-eleven-hybrid-buses-to-romania/. [Accessed 23 11 2019].
[97] W. Contributors, "Wikipedia," 25 9 2019. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_vehicle. [Accessed 23 11 2019].
[98] P. Patel, "A Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid," 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/417053/a-battery-ultracapacitor-hybrid/.
[99] C. K. Emre O. Polat, "Broadband Optical Modulators Based on Graphene Supercapacitors," Nano Letters, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 5851-5857, 2013.
[100] "Biosolar.com," 2019. [Online]. Available: <http://www.biosolar.com/biosupercap.php>.
[101] Tecate Group, "Tecate Group - Markets & Applications.," 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.tecategroup.com/markets/?market=Military-Aerospace. [Accessed 23 11 2019].
[102] B. Xie, C. Yang, Z. Zhang, P. Zou, Z. Lin, G. Shi, Q. Yang, F. Kang and C.-P. Wong, "Shape-Tailorable Graphene-Based Ultra-High-Rate Supercapacitor for Wearable Electronics," ACS Nano, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 5636-5645, 2015.
[103] L. Francioso, C. D. Pascali, I. Farella, C. Martucci, P. Cretì, P. Siciliano and A. Perrone, "Flexible thermoelectric generator for ambient assisted living wearable biometric sensors," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 196, no. 6, p. 3239–3243, 2011.
[104] A. Yu, I. Roes, A. Davies and Z. Chen, "Ultrathin, transparent and flexible graphene films for supercapacitor applications," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 96, no. 25, p. 253105, 2010.
[105] H. Shuijian and C. Wei, "Application of biomass-derived flexible carbon cloth coated with MnO2 nanosheets in supercapacitors," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 294, pp. 150-158, 2015.
[106] L. V. Thekkekara and M. Gu, "Large-scale waterproof and stretchable textile-integrated laser- printed graphene energy storages," Scientific reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Mapana Journal of Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.