Behavioural and morphological changes in Centropristis striata (Sea bass) under acute exposure to gaseous Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and conglomeration of SO2+ NO2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.69.1Keywords:
Gaseous industrial emissions, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Behavioral changes, Morphological changesAbstract
This study investigates the acute toxicity of gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) on 8-week-old sea bass (Centropristis striata) in a synthetic marine water environment. SO₂ was generated by reacting sodium sulfite with hydrochloric acid, producing concentrations ranging from 2 ppm to 45 ppm, while NO₂ was generated using copper metal flakes and concentrated nitric acid. LC30, LC50, and LC90 were determined after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours for each gas, indicating the concentrations at which 30%, 50%, and 90% mortality occurred, respectively. Results showed a concentration-dependent increase in mortality rates for both SO₂ and NO₂, with 100% mortality observed at higher concentrations within the experimental duration. Behavioral observations included equilibrium loss, jumpings, gulping air, restlessness, erratic swimming, opercular movements, and sluggishness, which intensified over the 96-hour period. Morphological changes such as body patches, skin discoloration, scale shedding, mucus secretion, sedimentation of chemicals, and gill clumping were more pronounced with NO₂ exposure and further exacerbated by the mixture of SO₂ and NO₂. The combined exposure demonstrated synergistic effects, leading to enhanced mortality rates and more severe behavioral and morphological alterations. These findings provide crucial comprehension of the toxic effects of gaseous pollutants on sea bass, emphasizing the importance of considering combined impacts in environmental risk assessments. The observed changes serve as indicators of environmental pollution, highlighting the need for effective mitigation strategies to protect aquatic ecosystems.
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