Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): Mapana Journal of Sciences
Research Articles

Optical and Spectroscopic Studies of 4-[(5-Amino-1-phenylindolizin-3-yl) carbonyl]benzonitrile and Its conjugates with Silver Nanoparticles

  • Dayanand Lalasangi,
  • S. M. Hanagodimath,
  • Mangesh S. Jadhav,
  • Anandkumar Lalasangi,
  • Basavaraj Padmashali,
  • S. More
Dayanand Lalasangi
Government First Grade College, Kengeri, Karnataka, India
S. M. Hanagodimath
Department of Physics, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
Mangesh S. Jadhav
Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Gokak, Karnataka, India
Anandkumar Lalasangi
Government First Grade College, Naragund, Karnataka, India
Basavaraj Padmashali
Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
S. More
Department of Physics, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India

Published 2026-06-11

Keywords

  • 4-5APCB dye,
  • Dipole moment,
  • Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs),
  • Fluorescence quenching,
  • Photophysical properties,
  • DFT analysis,
  • Solvent effects
    • ...More
    Less

Copyright (c) 2026

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Abstract

The present study investigates the spectroscopic behavior of 4-[(5-amino-1-phenylindolizin-3-yl)carbonyl]benzonitrile (4-5APCB) in various solvents of differing polarity. The absorption and fluorescence spectra were recorded to evaluate the solvent effect on the electronic transitions of the molecule. Ground- and excited-state dipole moments were estimated using solvatochromic correlation methods, while the theoretical ground-state dipole moment was calculated using the Gaussian 09 computational package. The dipole moment was found to increase from 7.02 D in the ground state to 14.8 D in the excited singlet state, indicating that 4-5APCB exhibits higher polarity in the excited state across all solvents studied. Furthermore, green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were conjugated with 4-5APCB to explore their interactive and photophysical properties. A noticeable quenching of fluorescence intensity was observed in DMSO and ethanol solvents, suggesting the occurrence of strong interaction between the dye and nanoparticles. The results highlight that the conjugation of AgNPs with 4-5APCB enhances their potential as functional photonic and sensing materials, demonstrating their significance in nanomaterial-based optical applications.

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