State of Federalism in India’s Water Management: A Commentary

Abstract

India’s unique federalist structure, often referred to as ‘quasi’ federalism adversely affects the effective governance of water resources across the country. While the newly formed Jal Shakti Ministry aims to rectify some of the underlying issues, especially the lack of coordination and bulbous bureaucracy, there is still an over emphasis on the supply and exploitation of water resources and not enough attention on the resource itself. The ambiguity on dispute mechanism and politicisation of waters that cross state boundaries adds to the lack of robust water management. We need a better understanding of existing water resources, long term needs and a more integrated approach to water management across the country that also aims to safeguard the interests of the resource, along with the development and human needs.