Governance and Corruption in South Africa's Public Sector: The Road Ahead

Authors

  • Victor H Mlambo University of Johannesburg
  • Kholokuhle Simangele Ngema
  • Siphesihle Mpanza

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12724/ajss.66.1

Keywords:

Development, Support, South Africa, Growth, Governance

Abstract

The development of any country hinges significantly on the availability of good governance and a well-functioning public sector. In the post-apartheid era, South Africa had to ensure that the public sector responded to the needs of the people through effective and efficient service delivery. However, immediately after apartheid, the public sector was engulfed by numerous governance and corruption-related issues, which have greatly discredited the public sector in the eyes of the public. This paper examines the governance and corruption dilemma in South Africa's public sector. It employs a narrative literature review and conceptualizes the origin and concept of good governance to answer the underlying question of this paper. The paper found that South Africa is suffering from years of corruption which has seen billions of taxpayers' money wasted through irregular expenditure in the public sector. The lack of transparency and accountability within the governance process in the public sector has consolidated corruption and impunity. Consequently, the implication is that the government will struggle to address the triple bottom issues of poverty, inequality and unemployment. In the future, this will affect South Africa's quest for inclusive socioeconomic development unless urgent policy interventions are implemented to address these challenges.

References

Akins E and Mclachlan, J. (2022, July 13). The continent will probably miss the SDG poverty target, but the right policies could deliver significant reductions. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/africa-is-losing-the-battle-against-extreme-poverty#:~:text=About%2030%20million%20more%20Africans,lived%20below%20the%20poverty%20line.

Alińska, A., Filipiak, B. Z., &Kosztowniak, A. (2018). The importance of the public sector in sustainable development in Poland. Sustainability, 10(9), 3278.https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093278

Asefa, S, and Wei-Chiao H. 2015. "The Challenges of Good Governance and Leadership in Developing Countries: Cases from Africa and China." In The Political Economy of Good Governance, Sisay Asefa and Wei-Chiao Huang, eds. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, pp. 131-153. https://doi.org/10.17848/9780880994989.ch7

Asian Development Bank. (2019, February). Demystifying Rising Inequality in Asia. https://www.adb.org/publications/demystifying-rising-inequality-asia

Binorchis, R. (2023, April 19). Meet the Guptas, Symbols of South African Corruption. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/energy/2023/04/19/meet-the-guptas-symbols-of-south-african-corruption-quicktake/3773fc1a-de9d-11ed-a78e-9a7c2418b00c_story.html

Botchway, F. N. (2000). Good governance: the old, the new, the principle, and the elements. Florida Journal of International Law, 13, 159.

Breakfast, N. B., Nomarwayi, T., & Bradshaw, G. (2020). Electoral violence and municipal demarcation in South Africa, 1994-2019: a violent service delivery protests perspective. Gender and behaviour, 18(1), 14857-14871.

BTI Transformation Index. (2019, Nd). Latin America and the Caribbean. https://bti-project.org/en/reports/regional-dashboard/LAC

Buthelezi, L. (2021, June 23).SA lost R1.5 trillion to corruption in five years and continues to bleed – report. https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/sa-lost-r15-trillion-to-corruption-in-five-years-and-continues-to-bleed-report-20210623

CGF Research Institute. (2015, February 20). Leadership: RecognisingNeedFor Governance Training. https://www.cgfresearch.co.za/News-Articles/Articles-Editorials/ArticleId/143/leadership-recognising-need-for-governance-training-2015-01-21

Corruption Watch. (2014, January 17). Why Is Corruption Getting Worse In South Africa?https://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/why-is-corruption-getting-worse-in-south-africa/

Corruption Watch. (2022, September 21). Good Governance Tied To The Realisation Of Human Rights. https://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/good-governance-tied-to-the-realisation-of-human-rights-says-maluleke/

Dadja-Tiou, P. (2018). A Critical Analysis of Post-Independence African Leadership in Chinua Achebe’s A Man of the People. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 7, 289-294.

Department of Employment and Labour. (2020). Annual Industrial Action Report 2020. https://www.labour.gov.za/DocumentCenter/Reports/Annual%20Reports/Industrial%20Action%20Annual%20Report/2020/Annual%20Industrial%20Action%20Report%202020.pdf

Fengu,M. (2022, November 23). Government loses R12bn while SOE operations are uncertain - Auditor-General.https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/government-loses-r12bn-while-soe-operations-are-uncertain-auditor-general-20221123

Friedman, F. (2020, August 28). How corruption in South Africa is deeply rooted in the country’s past and why that matters. https://theconversation.com/how-corruption-in-south-africa-is-deeply-rooted-in-the-countrys-past-and-why-that-matters-144973

Friedman, S. (2020, August 28). How corruption in South Africa is deeply rooted in the country’s past and why that matters. https://theconversation.com/how-corruption-in-south-africa-is-deeply-rooted-in-the-countrys-past-and-why-that-matters-144973

Galal, S. (2022, December 16). Number of people living in extreme poverty in South Africa 2016-2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1263290/number-of-people-living-in-extreme-poverty-in-south-africa/#:~:text=Number%20of%20people%20living%20in%20extreme%20poverty%20in%20South%20Africa%202016%2D2025&text=As%20of%202022%2C%20around%2018.2,into%20poverty%20compared%20to%202021.

Hass, R. & Lindsey, W. (2021, January 22). Democracy in Asia. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/democracy-in-asia/

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54000930(2 September 2020).

Isilow, H. (2021, February 12). South Africa’s growth hampered by corruption: president. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/south-africa-s-growth-hampered-by-corruption-president/2142231

Jones, A., & Lucinda Manda, D. (2006). Violence and ‘othering’in colonial and postcolonial Africa. Case study: Banda's Malaŵi. Journal of African Cultural Studies, 18(2), 197-213.

Juiz, C., Guerrero, C., & Lera, I. (2014). Implementing good governance principles for the public sector in information technology governance frameworks. Open Journal of Accounting, 2014.

Khumalo, J. (2022, May, 11). Digital Vibes scandal: 'The investigation is at a very advanced stage' – Hawks. https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/digital-vibes-scandal-the-investigation-is-at-a-very-advanced-stage-hawks-20220511

Kohn, L. (2023, February 08). State capture in South Africa: time to think differently about redress and recovering the stolen loot. https://theconversation.com/state-capture-in-south-africa-time-to-think-differently-about-redress-and-recovering-the-stolen-loot-199219

Kota, A. (2021, March 24). South Africa’s Widespread Corruption Is the Rotten Fruit of Apartheid. https://jacobin.com/2021/03/south-africa-corruption-apartheid

Mamokhere, J., Musitha, M. E., &Netshidzivhani, V. M. (2022). The implementation of the basic values and principles governing public administration and service delivery in South Africa. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(4), e2627.

Maropo, O. J. (2018). The lack of accountability and transparency in local government in South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Free State).

Martin, G. (2021, April 20). 900 service delivery protests in South Africa over six months. https://www.defenceweb.co.za/featured/900-service-delivery-protests-in-south-africa-over-six-months/

Martin, M. E., & Solomon, H. (2016). Understanding the phenomenon of “state capture” in South Africa. Southern African Peace and Security Studies, 5(1), 21-35.

Masson, E. (2023, February 02). Data shows that service delivery protests will increase, intensify in 2023.https://mg.co.za/news/2023-02-02-data-shows-that-service-delivery-protests-will-increase-intensify-in-2023/#:~:text=In%202018%20and%202019%2C%20protests,crime%20statistics%20released%20in%20November.

Masuku, M. M., & Jili, N. N. (2019). Public service delivery in South Africa: The political influence at local government level. Journal of Public Affairs, 19(4), e1935.

Mathiba, G. (2021). Corruption in land administration and governance: a hurdle to transitional justice in post-apartheid South Africa?. Obiter, 42(3), 561-579.

Mavee, S. E. A. (2022). The Relevance of Civil Society Participation in Democratic Governance. Administratio Publica, 30(3), 171-191.

Mhlauli, N. (2022). Promoting Ethics in the South African Public Sector: One Block of a Puzzle Towards Curbing Corruption.IntechOpen Limited. London. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108425

Mistree, D., & Dibley, A. (2018). Corruption and the Paradox of Transparency. Working Paper.https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Mistree-Dibley-Corruption.4.18.18.pdf

Mlambo, D. N., Mubecua, M. A., & Mlambo, V. H. (2023). Post-colonial Independence and Africa’s Corruption Conundrum: A Succinct South African Critique Post-democratisation. Insight on Africa, 15(2), 184-202.

Mlambo, Daniel N. (2019) "Governance and service delivery in the public sector: the case of South Africa under Jacob Zuma (2009–2018)." African Renaissance 16(3): 207-224.

Mlambo, V. H., Ndlovu, G., Thusi, X., Mathonsi, V., & Mkhize, N. E. (2022). Professionalizing the Public Sector in South Africa: Challenges, Opportunities and Prospects. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 5(12), 328-340.

Mohammed, J., & Farooq, S. U. (2002). The role of public sector in the economic development of Balochistan. The Dialogue, 3(4), 472-494.

Mugabi, I. (2022, November 16). African governance makes progress. https://www.dw.com/en/african-governance-making-progress-ibrahim-index-of-african-governance/a-55596399

Mukherjee, P. (2022, February 2023). South Africa's unemployment drops again after year of job gains. https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-official-unemployment-rate-dips-327-fourth-qtr-2023-02-28/

My broadband. (2021, June, 23). Stealing without consequences — R186 billion gone from South African municipalities in a decade. https://mybroadband.co.za/news/government/403005-stealing-without-consequences-r186-billion-gone-from-south-african-municipalities-in-a-decade.html

Myint, U. (2000). Corruption: Causes, consequences and cures. Asia pacific development journal, 7(2), 33-58.

Ndlazi, G. (2022). Racial inequality and the imperative critique of the South African negotiated settlement. FilosofiaTheoretica: Journal of African Philosophy, Culture and Religions, 11(3), 93-104.

Nengwekhulu, R. H. (2009). Public service delivery challenges facing the South African public service. Journal of public administration, 44(2), 341-363.

Nengwekhulu, R. H. (2009). Public service delivery challenges facing the South African public service. Journal of public administration, 44(2), 341-363.

Nuh, M., &Sriboonnark, N. (2016). The Issues of Anti-Corruption and Good Governance in Southeast Asia: As a Working Agenda of Asean Community. Journal of politics, administration and law, 7(3), 453-472.

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2007). Good governance practices for the protection of human rights. UN.Geneva

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020, March 20). https://www.oecd.org/gov/government-at-a-glance-latin-america-and-the-caribbean-2020-13130fbb-en.htm

Pillay, P. (2018). Ethics, Public Trust and Corruption. Administratio Publica, 26(4), 22-39.

Polity. (2022, March 01).Mantashe benefitted from Bosasa's 'corrupt modus operandi'- Zondo. https://www.polity.org.za/article/mantashe-benefitted-from-bosasas-corrupt-modus-operandi--zondo-2022-03-01

Rakhare, M., & Coetzee, T. (2020). The impact of civil society on governance in Lesotho. Insight on Africa, 12(2), 129-144.

Reuters. (2022, January 25). South African corruption probe flags COVID contracts worth $137 million.reuters.com/world/africa/safrican-corruption-probe-flags-covid-contracts-worth-137-million-2022-01-25/

The Economist. (2021, October 23). At last, a backlash against bad government in Eastern Europe. https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/10/23/at-last-a-backlash-against-bad-government-in-eastern-europe

The World Bank. (1992, N.d). Governance and Development. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/711471468765285964/pdf/multi0page.pdf

Thusi, X., & Selepe, M. M. (2023). The Impact of Poor Governance on Public Service Delivery: A Case Study of the South African Local Government. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 6(4), 688-697.

Transparency International. (2019, January 29). corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) paints a bleak picture of anti-corruption efforts in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. https://www.transparency.org/en/news/weak-checks-and-balances-threaten-anti-corruption-efforts-across-eastern-eu

Tshishonga, N. (2019). Prospects and challenges of transforming local government into a learning organisation. African Journal of Public Affairs, 11(1), 157-175.

Vilakazi, S. A., & Adetiba, T. C. (2020). Political and administrative dichotomy in South Africa: The principle of separation of powers at local government level. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Administratio, 12(1).

WaMuiu, M. (2010). Colonial and postcolonial state and development in Africa. Social research: an international quarterly, 77(4), 1311-1338.

Wegrich, K. (2023, November 04). Public sector. https://www.britannica.com/money/topic/public-sector

Weiss, T. G. (2000). Governance, good governance and global governance: conceptual and actual challenges. Third world quarterly, 21(5), 795-814.

Downloads

Published

2024-01-11