Transformation in Destination Attractiveness Attributes After Covid 19 Pandemic: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12727/ajts.30.5Keywords:
Tourist Destination Attractiveness, Transformative Attributes, Revival of TourismAbstract
From a historical perspective, it is impossible to envision tourism without travellers’ mobility. However, the Covid-19 pandemic unlocked new avenues for tourism, including virtual travel. The pandemic seriously impacted the travel and tourism industries due to border closures that grounded the transportation industry and led to job losses. Historically, tourism has quickly bounced back after disasters, pandemics, and epidemics. Hence, a new outlook was developed with the introduction of the New Normal or “business as usual”. The pandemic of covid-19 has compelled tourism industry stakeholders to explore and analyze the transformative attributes of tourist destination attractiveness to revive the industry and regain tourists’ confidence. The research study is constructed on secondary data and literature analysis. The researchers have examined numerous studies representing transformative destination attractiveness to examine the characteristics. The study concludes that there is a paradigm shift in the attributes affecting tourist destination attractiveness which will help the tourism stakeholders in marketing and restarting tourism after the pandemic. These transformative attributes will increase the number of visitors, assisting the tourism industry's recovery from the pandemic.
Keywords: Tourist Destination Attractiveness, Transformative Attributes, Revival of tourism
References
References
Agrawal, S. (1997). The resort cycle and seaside tourism; an assessment of its applicability and validity. Tourism Management, 18(1), 65–73.
Amalia, R., Pérez-Nebra, & Cláudio, V. T. (2010). Measuring the tourism destination image: a survey based on the Item response theory. " RAC - Revista de Administração Contemporânea Journal of Contemporary Administration, ANPAD - Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração, 14(1), 80-99.
Anholt, S. (2010). Places: Identity, image and reputation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ariya, G., Wishitemi, B., & Sitati, N. (2017). Tourism destination attractiveness as perceived by tourists visiting Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya. International Journal of Research in Tourism and Hospitality (IJRTH), 3(4),1-13.
Awuah, G. B., & Reinert, V. (2011). Potential tourists’ image of a tourist destination: The case of Brazil.
Babić, -H. V., Mehic, E., Kramo, A., & Resic, E. ( 2008). Tourist destination image and perception: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, An enterprise Odyssey. International Conference Proceedings, 11th-14th June 2008. Zagreb.
Beerli, A., & Matri, A. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657-681.
Bhatia, A., Roy, B., & Kumar, A. (. (2022). A review of tourism sustainability in the era of Covid-19. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, 10.1080/09720510.2021.1995196.
Bilkey, W., & Nes, E. (1982). Country of origin effects on product evaluations. Journal of International Business Studies, 13 (1), 339-352.
Bove L.L., B. S. (2020). Restrict, clean and protect: Signaling consumer safety during the pandemic and beyond. . Journal of Service Management, 31(6):1185–1202.
Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21, 97-116.
Butler, R. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution. Canadian Geographer, 24, 5-12.
Chaudhary, M. (2000). India's image as a tourist destination—a perspective of foreign tourists. Tourism Management, 21(3), 293-297.
Cho, V. (2008). Linking location attractiveness and tourist intention. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(3), 220-224.
Chuang, Y., Hwang, S., Wong, J., & Chen, C. (2014). The attractiveness of tourist night markets in Taiwan – a supply-side view. International Journal of Culture Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(3), 333 -344.
Cracolici, M. F., & Nijkamp, P. (2008). The attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations: A study of Southern Italian regions. Tourism Management, 30(3), 336–344.
Crouch, G. I., & Ritchie, J. R. (1999). Tourism, competitiveness, and societal prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 137–152.
D. Zheng, Q. L. (2021). Afraid to travel after COVID-19? Self-protection, coping and resilience against pandemic ‘travel fear’. Tourism Management, 83, p. 104261.
Devu Sunil, A. M. (2020). Relevance of 5A’s in tourism: A case study at 3 destinations in Karnataka. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 10241-10249.
Dey, B., Mathew, J., & Chee-Hua, C. (2020). Influence of destination attractiveness factors and travel motivations on rural homestay choice: the moderating role of need for uniqueness. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(4), 639-666.
Edward, M., & George, P. B. (2008). Destination attractiveness of Kerala as an International Tourist Destination: An Importance-Performance Analysis. Conference on Tourism in India-Challenges Ahead. IIMK.
Formica, S. (2002). Measuring destination attractiveness: A proposed framework. Journal of American Academy of Business, 1(2), 350-355.
Formica, S., & Uysal, M. (2006). Destination attractiveness based on supply and demand evaluations: An analytic framework. Journal of Travel Research, 44, 418-430.
Gartner, W. (1989). . Tourism image: attribute measurement of state tourism products using multidimensional scaling techniques. Journal of Travel Research, 28, 16-20.
Genest, J., & Legg, D. (2003). The premier-ranked destinations workbook 2001. Retrieved from www.ttra.com/publicationss/uploads/o32.pdf.
Gunn, C. (1988). Vacation scape: Designing Tourist Regions (2nd ed). New York.: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Haro, R. (2022). Sustainable Trends: Key Factors for the Post-Pandemic Recovery of the Tourism Sector. Spain: Alandis Travel.
Hoang, T. P., Nguyen, T. L., Phung, T. D., & Phan, Q. D. (2016). Factors affecting the attractions of foreign tourists to community ecotourism destinations in the Mekong Delta Vietnam. Journal of Business Management and Economics, 4(1).
Hovinen, G. (2002). Revising the destination lifecycle model. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 209–230.
Hu, Y. &. (1993). Measuring destination attractiveness: A contextual approach. Journal of Travel Research, 32 (2), 25-34.
José Filipe Torres, Founder and CEO, Bloom Consulting. (2020, 07 15). Top factors travellers will consider before planning a trip – what hard-hit countries can consider. Retrieved from World economic forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/07/top-factors-travellers-will-consider-post-covid-19-what-hard-hit-countries-can-consider/
Kaushik, N., Kaushik, J., Sharma, P., & Rani, S. (2010). Factors Influencing Choice of Tourist Destinations: A Study of North India. IUP Journal of Brand Management, 7.
Kim, S. S., & Lee, C. K. (2002). Push and pull relationships. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 257-260.
Klufova, R. (2016). Destination attractiveness of the South bohemian region from the viewpoint of spatial data analysis. Deturope – the Central European Journal of Regional Development and Tourism, 8(1), 92-111.
Kresic, D. (2007). Faktori atraktivnosti turistickih destinacija u funkeiji konkurentosti. Acta Turistica, 19(1), 45-82.
Kresic, D., & Darko Prebezac, D. (2011). Index of destination attractiveness as a tool for destination attractiveness assessment. Original Scientific Papep, 59(4), 497-517.
Laws, E. (1995). Tourism destination management: Issues, analysis and policies. New York: Routledge.
Lee., Ou, W., & Huang, H. (2009). A study of destination attractiveness through domestic visitors’ perspectives: The case of Taiwan’s Hot Springs Tourism Sector. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism: Research, 14(1), 17-38.
Leiper, N. (1990). Tourist attraction systems. Annals of Tourism Research, 17, 367-384.
Li X, G. J. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 on tourists' destination preferences: Evidence from China. . Ann Tour Res. , Sep;90:103258. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2021.103258. Epub 2021 Jun 16. PMID: 34924648; PMCID: PMC8666151.
Maitra, R. (2022). New Avenues of Wellness Tourism in Untouched Aspects of Healing in India. . International Journal of Research in Tourism and Hospitality (IJRTH), 1-8.
Maitra, R., & Shukla, D. (2022). Covid-19 and Technology Interventions: An Exploratory Study of the Indian Hospitality Industry. Indian Journal of Hospitality Management, 20-34.
Ministry of Tourism. (2021, December 16). PROMOTION OF TOURISM POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Retrieved from https://tourism.gov.in/: https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-12/usq%202234%20for%2016122021.pdf
Morachat, C. (2003). A study of destination attractiveness through tourists’ perspectives: A focus on ChiangMai, Thailand. PhD. Dissertation. Australia: Edin Cowan University, Australia.
OECD. (2020, Dec. 14). Rebuilding tourism for the future: COVID-19 policy responses and recovery. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1787/47045bae-en.
Ortega, E., & Gonsalez, L. (2007). Marketing Research in a different setting. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 60, Issue 2, pp. 95-97.
Patel P.K., S. J. (2020). The Effects of Novel Corona Virus (Covid-19) on the Tourism Industry in India. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 780-788.
Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2021). Destination image during the COVID-19 pandemic and future travel behaviour: The moderating role of experience. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 21, 100620.
Roy, B., & Saxena, A. (2020). Destination competitiveness, tourism facilities and problems in promoting Uttarakhand as a tourism destination. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts (JTHCA), 12 (2). 1-20.
S. Chemli, M. T. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 media coverage on tourists' awareness for future travelling. Current Issues in Tourism, 10.1080/13683500.2020.1846502.
S. Yang, S. I. (2021). How are destination image and travel intention influenced by misleading media coverage? Consequences of COVID-19 outbreak in China. Vision, 10.1177/0972262921993245.
Shin H., K. J. (2020). Reducing perceived health risk to attract hotel customers in the COVID-19 pandemic era: Focused on technology innovation for social distancing and cleanliness. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 91.
Sultana, S., Haque, A., Momen, A., & Yasmin, F. (2014). Factors affecting the attractiveness of medical tourism destination: an empirical study on India-review article. Iranian journal of public health, 43(7), 867.
Tam, B. T. (2012). Application of contextual approach for measuring tourism destination attractiveness. Journal of Science, 70 (1), 217-226.
Tasci, A., Cavusgil, S. T., & Gartner, W. (2007). Conceptualization and Operationalization of Destination Image. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31, 194.
Thilini, A., Steven, P., & Amanda, B. (2021). Transformative destination attractiveness: an exploration of salient attributes, consequences, and personal values. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38:8, 845-866, DOI: 10.1080/10548408.2021.192.
Tourism, M. o. (2021, December 16). PROMOTION OF TOURISM POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Retrieved from https://tourism.gov.in/: https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-12/usq%202234%20for%2016122021.pdf
UNWTO. (2020). COVID- 19 and the Future of Tourism in Asia and the Pacific. Mandaluyong City: Asian Development Bank.
UNWTO. (2003). Tourism proves as a resilient and stable economic sector.
UNWTO. (2020). Secretary-General’s Policy Brief on Tourism and COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/: https://www.unwto.org/tourism-and-covid-19-unprecedented-economic-impacts
Vengesayi, S., Mavondo, F., & Reisinger, Y. (2009). Tourism destination attractiveness: attractions, facilities and people as predictors. Tourism Analysis, 14, 621-636.
Vinayek, P., & Bhatia, A. N. (2013). Competitiveness of Indian tourism in the global scenario. ACADEMICIAN: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3 (1), 168-179.
WHO. (2020). Strengthening the health system response to COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/436350/strengthening-health-system-response-COVID-19.pdf
Wiang, X., & Gao, Y. (2010). Irish Consumers’ Perception of Chinese Brands and How to improve the ‘Made in China’ Image'. Journal of Asia Business Studies, pp. 80-85.
Wijaya, S., Wahyudi, W., Kusuma, C., & Sugianto, E. (2018). Travel motivation of Indonesian seniors in choosing destination overseas. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(2), 185-197.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Atna Journal of Tourism Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.