Nurturing Innovation: The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12727/ajts.32.1Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Intention, Entrepreneurship Education, Tourism, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioural ControlAbstract
Encouraging tourism and hospitality Students' entrepreneurial intention can assist them in turning their entrepreneurship knowledge into entrepreneurial activity, which will create more employment and have a positive economic impact. It is thus crucial to look at measures to strengthen the entrepreneurial mindset of tourism students, if we are to ensure the existing and future development of the tourism industry, as they are most likely going to be associated with the tourism industry in near future. Hence, the study is aimed to analyze the effect of Entrepreneurship Education, in addition to the TPB factors viz. Personal attitude, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control, on the entrepreneurial intentions of tourism students. The population for the study comprised the students undergoing tourism studies in various educational institutes of J&k. The findings suggest that apart from the TPB factors, entrepreneurship education also plays a crucial role in shaping the entrepreneurial intention of tourism students.
References
Ahmad, N. H., Ramayah, T., Mahmud, I., Musa, M., & Anika, J. J. (2019, October 3). Entrepreneurship as a preferred career option. Education + Training, 61(9), 1151–1169. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-12-2018-0269
Ahmad, S. Z. (2015, January 2). Entrepreneurship Education in Tourism and Hospitality Programs. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 27(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2014.998764
Ahmed, I., Islam, T., & Usman, A. (2020, March 11). Predicting entrepreneurial intentions through self-efficacy, family support, and regret. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13(1), 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-07-2019-0093
Ajzen, I. (1991, December). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t
Ajzen, I. (2005). EBOOK: Attitudes, Personality and Behaviour. McGraw-hill education (UK).
Ajzen, I. (2011). Design and evaluation guided by the theory of planned behavior. Soc psychol Eval, Guilford Publications, 74-100.
Ajzen, I. (2012). The theory of planned behaviour. In Lange, P A. M., Kruglanski, A. W. & Higgins, E. T. (Eds) Handbook of theories of social psychology, 1, 438-459, Sage, London, UK.
Ajzen, I., & Cote, N. G. (2008). Attitudes and the prediction of behavior. Attitudes and attitude change, 13.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood
Al-Jubari, I. (2019). College students’ entrepreneurial intention: Testing an integrated model of SDT and TPB. Sage Open, 9(2), 2158244019853467.
Alpkan, L., Bulut, C., Gunday, G., Ulusoy, G., & Kilic, K. (2010, June 1). Organizational support for intrapreneurship and its interaction with human capital to enhance innovative performance. Management Decision, 48 (5), 732–755.https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741011043902
Altinay, L., Madanoglu, M., Daniele, R., & Lashley, C. (2012). The influence of family tradition and psychological traits on entrepreneurial intention. International Journal of hospitality management, 31(2), 489-499.
Ambad, S. N. A., & Damit, D. H. D. A. (2016). Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30100-9
Ariff, A. H. M., Bidin, Z., Sharif, Z., & Ahmad, A. (2010). Predicting entrepreneurship intention among Malay university accounting students in Malaysia. UNITAR e-Journal, 6(1), 1-10.
Autio, E., H. Keeley, R., Klofsten, M., GC Parker, G., & Hay, M. (2001). Entrepreneurial intent among students in Scandinavia and in the USA. Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies, 2(2), 145-160.
Badri, R., & Hachicha, N. (2019). Entrepreneurship education and its impact on students’ intention to start up: A sample case study of students from two Tunisian universities. The International Journal of Management Education, 17(2), 182-190.
Bagheri, A., & Lope Pihie, Z. A. (2013). Role of university entrepreneurship programs in developing students’ entrepreneurial leadership competencies: perspectives from Malaysian undergraduate students. Journal of Education for Business, 88(1), 51-61.
Bagheri, A., & Pihie, Z. A. L. (2015). Factors influencing students' entrepreneurial intentions: The critical roles of personal attraction and perceived control over behavior. The International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology (IJMSIT), (16), 16-28.
Bhuyan, M., & Pathak, P. (2019). The impact of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention of university students in Uttarakhand State. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application and Management, 4(10), 1-6.
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of management Review, 13(3), 442-453.
Brown, C. (2000). Entrepreneurial education teaching guide. Kansas City. MO: Kauffman.
Carsrud, A., & Brännback, M. (2011). Entrepreneurial motivations: what do we still need to know?. Journal of small business management, 49(1), 9-26.
Chin, W. W. (2009, November 16). How to Write Up and Report PLS Analyses. Handbook of Partial Least Squares, 655–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_29
Cho, B. (1998), “Study of the effective entrepreneurship education method and its process”, Business Education Research, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 27-47.
Claar, V. V., Frey, R., Szarucki, M., & TenHaken, V. R. (2012). Hope for the East: entrepreneurial attitudes of MBA students in two transition economies relative to those in the USA. International Journal of Business Excellence, 5(3), 220-237.Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Cui, J., Sun, J., & Bell, R. (2021). The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial mindset of college students in China: The mediating role of inspiration and the role of educational attributes. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100296.
De Massis, A., Kotlar, J., Wright, M., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2018). Sector-based entrepreneurial capabilities and the promise of sector studies in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 42(1), 3-23.
do Paço, A. M. F., Ferreira, J. M., Raposo, M., Rodrigues, R. G., & Dinis, A. (2011). Behaviours and entrepreneurial intention: Empirical findings about secondary students. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 20-38.
Dobón, S. R., & Soriano, D. R. (2008). Exploring alternative approaches in service industries: The role of entrepreneurship. The Service Industries Journal, 28(7), 877-882.
Doherty, B., Haugh, H., & Lyon, F. (2014). Social enterprises as hybrid organizations: A review and research agenda. International journal of management reviews, 16(4), 417-436.
Donckels, R. (1991, January). EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP EXPERIENCES FROM SECONDARY AND UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN BELGIUM. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.1991.10600389
Douglas, E. J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2002). Self-employment as a career choice: Attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximization. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 26(3), 81-90.
Ezeh, P. C., Nkamnebe, A. D., & Omodafe, U. P. (2019). Determinants of entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in a Muslim community. Management Research Review, 43(8), 1013-1030.
Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., & Lassas‐Clerc, N. (2006). Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: a new methodology. Journal of European industrial training.
Fragoso, R., Rocha-Junior, W., & Xavier, A. (2020). Determinant factors of entrepreneurial intention among university students in Brazil and Portugal. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 32(1), 33-57.
Galloway, L., & Brown, W. (2002). Entrepreneurship education at university: a driver in the creation of high growth firms?. Education+ training.
Garba, A. S. (2012). Entrepreneurship, public policy and poverty reduction in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 2(2), 158-169.
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2003). Using SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide & reference
Goethner, M., Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Cantner, U. (2012). Scientists’ transition to academic entrepreneurship: Economic and psychological determinants. Journal of economic psychology, 33(3), 628-641.
González-Padilla, P. (2022). Tourist Behavior and Demand for Digital Disconnection: A Review. Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, 10(3), 201-214.
Gorgievski, M. J., Stephan, U., Laguna, M., & Moriano, J. A. (2018). Predicting entrepreneurial career intentions: Values and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of career assessment, 26(3), 457-475.
Gurel, E., Altinay, L., & Daniele, R. (2010). Tourism students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), 646-669.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019), “When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM”, European Business Review, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 2–24.https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11- 2018-0203
Handbook of social psychology 3rd ed. (pp. 233}346). New York: Random House.
Hassan, S., Mir, A. A., & Khan, S. J. (2023). Digital entrepreneurship and emancipation: exploring the nexus in a conflict zone. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(10), 4170-4190.
Henderson, R., & Robertson, M. (2000). Who wants to be an entrepreneur? Young adult attitudes to entrepreneurship as a career. Career development international, 5(6), 279-287.
Jena, R. K., & Dwivedi, Y. (2021). Prioritizing the barriers to tourism growth in rural India: an integrated multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach. Journal of Tourism Futures.
Johns, N., & Mattsson, J. (2005). Destination development through entrepreneurship: a comparison of two cases. Tourism Management, 26(4), 605-616.
Kautonen, T., Van Gelderen, M., & Tornikoski, E. T. (2013). Predicting entrepreneurial behaviour: a test of the theory of planned behaviour. Applied economics, 45(6), 697-707.
Keeble, D., Bryson, J., & Wood, P. (1992). The rise and role of small service firms in the United Kingdom. International Small Business Journal, 11(1), 11-22.
Kennedy, J., Drennan, J., Renfrow, P., & Watson, B. (2003). Situational factors and entrepreneurial intentions. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of Small Enterprise Association of Australia and New Zealand (pp. 1-12). Small Enterprise Association of Australia and New Zealand.
Kraaijenbrink, J., Bos, G., & Groen, A. (2010). What do students think of the entrepreneurial support given by their universities? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 9(1), 110-125.
Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Entrepreneurial intentions: A competing models approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5/6), 411-432.
Kwaramba, H. M., Lovett, J. C., Louw, L., & Chipumuro, J. (2012). Emotional confidence levels and success of tourism development for poverty reduction: The South African Kwam eMakana home-stay project. Tourism management, 33(4), 885-894.
Linan, F. (2008). Skill and value perceptions: how do they affect entrepreneurial intentions? International entrepreneurship and management journal, 4(3), 257-272.
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2006). Testing the entrepreneurial intention model on a two-country sample.
Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross–cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 33(3), 593-617.
Lone, A. H., & Baba, I. R. (2023). Entrepreneurial intentions of progressive farmers: the influence of innovativeness, risk-taking and proactiveness. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies.
Maheshwari, G., & Kha, K. L. (2022, July). Investigating the relationship between educational support and entrepreneurial intention in Vietnam: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the theory of planned behavior. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100553
Malik, M. I., & Bhat, M. S. (2015). Sustainability of tourism development in Kashmir—Is paradise lost?. Tourism management perspectives, 16, 11-21.
Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of business venturing, 28(2), 211-224.
McGuire, W. J. (1985). Attitudes and attitudes change. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson,
McMullen, J. S., & Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of the entrepreneur. Academy of Management review, 31(1), 132-152.
Mei, H., Zhan, Z., Fong, P. S., Liang, T., & Ma, Z. (2016). Planned behaviour of tourism students’ entrepreneurial intentions in China. Applied Economics, 48(13), 1240-1254.
Meoli, A., Fini, R., Sobrero, M., & Wiklund, J. (2020). How entrepreneurial intentions influence entrepreneurial career choices: The moderating influence of social context. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(3), 105982.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991, March). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-z
Moriano, J. A., Gorgievski, M., Laguna, M., Stephan, U., & Zarafshani, K. (2012). A cross-cultural approach to understanding entrepreneurial intention. Journal of career development, 39(2), 162-185.
Mueller, S. (2011). Increasing entrepreneurial intention: effective entrepreneurship course characteristics. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 13(1), 55-74.
Noor, N. H. M., & Malek, E. N. (2021). An application of the theory of planned behavior in determining student entrepreneurship intention. Jurnal Intelek, 16(1), 207-214.
Orhan, M., & Scott, D. (2001). Why women enter into entrepreneurship: an explanatory model. Women in management review.
Perugini, M., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2001). The role of desires and anticipated emotions in goal‐directed behaviours: Broadening and deepening the theory of planned behaviour. British journal of social psychology, 40(1), 79-98.
Potter, J. (2008). Entrepreneurship and higher education: future policy directions.
Ramos-Rodriguez, A. R., Medina-Garrido, J. A., Lorenzo-Gómez, J. D., & Ruiz-Navarro, J. (2010). What you know or who you know? The role of intellectual and social capital in opportunity recognition. International small business journal, 28(6), 566-582.
Rashid, I., & Lone, A. H. (2023). Organic food purchases: does green trust play a part?. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration.
Romshoo, S. A., Rashid, I., Altaf, S., & Dar, G. H. (2020). Jammu and Kashmir state: an overview. Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State, 129-166.
Roy, R., Akhtar, F., & Das, N. (2017). Entrepreneurial intention among science & technology students in India: extending the theory of planned behavior. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(4), 1013-1041.
Saraih, U. N., Ali, M. A., Sufian, M. M., & Ruslan, R. I. (2020). The relationships between learning orientation, subjective norm, and entrepreneurial intention among the undergraduate students in Malaysia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(03), 2107-2115.
Segal, G. B. D. And Schoenfeld, J. 2005. The motivation to become an entrepreneur, 42-57.
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship.
Sharma, V., & Jain, S. (2016, September). Entrepreneurial Orientations of Youth in J&K, India: A Case for Educator Influence. In European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (p. 733). Academic Conferences International Limited.
Sharma, V., Jain, S. K., & Sharma, S. K. (2017). Entrepreneurial orientation of professional graduates in autonomous states: The case of Jammu & Kashmir (India). Abhigyan, 34(4), 38-52.
Shiri, N., Mohammadi, D., & Hosseini, S. M. (2012). Entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students: effects of role model, social support, social norms and perceived desirability. Archives of Applied Science Research, 4(2), 892-897.
Shteynberg, G., Gelfand, M. J., & Kim, K. (2009). Peering into the “magnum mysterium” of culture: The explanatory power of descriptive norms. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(1), 46-69.
Siu, W. S., & Lo, E. S. C. (2013). Cultural contingency in the cognitive model of entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(2), 147-173.
Solesvik, M. Z. (2013). Entrepreneurial motivations and intentions: investigating the role of an education major. Education+ Training, 55(3), 253-271.
Sommer, L., & Haug, M. (2011). Intention as a cognitive antecedent to international entrepreneurship—understanding the moderating roles of knowledge and experience. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(1), 111-142.
Statista (2024). Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP of India 2019-2022 https://www.statista.com/statistics/1250204/india-contribution-of-travel-and-tourism-to-gdp/#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20the%20travel%20and,compared%20to%20the%20previous%20year
Stephan, U., & Uhlaner, L. M. (2010). Performance-based vs socially supportive culture: A cross-national study of descriptive norms and entrepreneurship. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(8), 1347-1364.
Tkachev, A., & Kolvereid, L. (1999). Self-employment intentions among Russian students. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 11(3), 269-280.
Tomy, S., & Pardede, E. (2020). An entrepreneurial intention model focussing on higher education. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.
Tong, X. F., Tong, D. Y. K., & Loy, L. C. (2011). Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention among university students. International journal of social sciences and humanity studies, 3(1), 487-496.
Tsai, K. H., Chang, H. C., & Peng, C. Y. (2016). Refining the linkage between perceived capability and entrepreneurial intention: Roles of perceived opportunity, fear of failure, and gender. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(4), 1127-1145.
Van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., Van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., & Van Gils, A. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behaviour. Career development international.
Virick, M., Basu, A., & Rogers, A. (2015). Antecedents of entrepreneurial intention among laid‐off individuals: A cognitive appraisal approach. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(2), 450-468.
Wafa N. Almobaireek. (2012, March 21). Who wants to be an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurial intentions among Saudi university students. African Journal of Business Management, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.1521
WTTC (2024). Travel & Tourism set to Break All Records in 2024, reveals WTTC https://wttc.org/news-article/travel-and-tourism-set-to-break-all-records-in-2024-reveals-wttc#:~:text=Representing%209.1%25%20of%20global%20GDP,to%20nearly%20330MN%20jobs%20worldwide.
Wu, S., & Wu, L. (2008, October 24). The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(4), 752–774. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000810917843
Yang, J. (2013). The theory of planned behavior and prediction of entrepreneurial intention among Chinese undergraduates. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 41(3), 367-376.
Yurtkoru, E. S., Kuşcu, Z. K., & Doğanay, A. (2014). Exploring the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention on Turkish university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 841-850.
Zapkau, F. B., Schwens, C., Steinmetz, H., & Kabst, R. (2015). Disentangling the effect of prior entrepreneurial exposure on entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Research, 68(3), 639-653.
Zhang, P., Wang, D. D., & Owen, C. L. (2015). A study of entrepreneurial intention of university students. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 5(1), 61-82.
Zhang, Y., Duysters, G., & Cloodt, M. (2014). The role of entrepreneurship education as a predictor of university students’ entrepreneurial intention. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 10(3), 623-641.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Atna Journal of Tourism Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
