Vol. 19 No. 4 (2020): Mapana Journal of Sciences
Research Articles

Performance of Aquatic Plant Species for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Water

  • Priyadarshini Pillai
Priyadarshini Pillai
Department of Botany, Jyoti Nivas College, Autonomous, Bangalore, India
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.55.1

Published 2020-12-02 — Updated on 2020-10-01

Versions

Keywords

  • Phytoremediation, Heavy metals, Waste water, Biochemical parameters, Spirodela polyrhiza

Copyright (c) 2020

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Heavy metals and organic pollutants are ubiquitous environmental pollutants affecting the quality of soil, water and air. Over the past 5 decades, many strategies have been developed for the remediation of polluted water.  Use of aquatic plants to extract, sequester and/or detoxify pollutants and is a new and powerful technique for environmental clean up. Plants are ideal agents for soil and water remediation because of their unique genetic, biochemical and physiological properties.  The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of free floating duck weed Spirodela polyrhiza to remove heavy metals from waste water and the biochemical effect of heavy metals on Spirodela polyrhiza. Approximately 93% of total heavy metal induced – toxicity appears resulting in the reduced activities of nitrate reductase, total chlorophyll and protein content of the plant. The results recommended the use of Spirodela polyrhiza to ameliorate the wastewater contaminated with heavy metals.

References

  1. Antonovics J, Bradshaw AD, Turner RG (1971). Heavy metal tolerance in plants. Adv In Ecol Res 7: ss1-85. Plants. Environ Sci Technol31: 3468-3474.
  2. APHA. AWWA and WEF 1995. Standards methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington D.C.
  3. Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast: polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol.24: 1-15.
  4. Baker AJM, Brooks RR 1989. Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements- A review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Bio recovery: 81-126.
  5. Baker, A. 1981. Accumulators and excluders strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals. J. Plant Nutrition.3: 643-654.
  6. Bhandal, I.S. and Kumar, H.1992. Heavy metal inhibition of nitrate uptake and in vivo nitrate reductase in roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Indian j. Plant Physiol. 35(3): 281 –284.
  7. Bhattacharjee, S and Mukherjee, A.K. 1994. Influence of Cadmium and Lead on physiological biochemical responses of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Seedlings I. Germination behavior, total protein, proline content and protease activity. Poll Res. 13:269-277.
  8. Brown SL, Chaney RL, Angle JS, Baker AJM 1995. Zinc and cadmium uptake by hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens grown in nutrient solution. Soil Sci Soc Am J59: 125-133.
  9. Camm, E.L. and Stein, J.R. 1974. Some aspects of nitrogen metabolism of Nodularia spuigena (Cyanophyceae). Canadian J. Botany 52: 719 –726.
  10. Chaithanya Sudha, M. and Kanmani, S.2009. Phytoremediation of Chromium contaminated soils using Helianthus annuus (Sunflower). J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 19(1) 57-63.
  11. Chany, R.L., Malik, M. Lim, Brown, S.L., Brewer, E.P. and Angle, J.S. 1997. Phytoremediation of soils. Curr Opinion Biotechnol. 8: 279-284.
  12. Cheung, C.W., Porter, J.F. and McKay, G. 2001.Sorption kinetic analysis for the removal of Cadmium ions from effluents using bone char. Water Res. 35: 605 –612.
  13. Christophi, C.A. and Axe, L. 2000. Competition of Cd, Cu and Pb adsorption on goethite. J. Environ. Engg. ASCE, 126: 66 –74.
  14. Dierberg FF, DeBusk TA, Goulet Jr NA 1987. Removal of copper and lead using a thin film technique, In: Reddy KB, Smith WH (eds.). Aquatic Plants for Water Treatment and Resource Recovery. Florida: Magnolia Publishing Inc.
  15. Ernst WHO, Verkleji JAC, Schat H (1992). Metal tolerance in plants. Acta. Bot Neerl41: 229-248.
  16. Fraysse, B., Baudin, J.P., Garnier-Laplace J, Boudou, A., Ribeyre, F. and Adam, C. 2000. Cadmium uptake by Corbicula fluminea and Dreissena polymorpha: effect of pH and temperature. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 65: 638-645.
  17. Hanna W J, Grant CL 1962. Spectrochemical analysis of the foliage of certain trees and ornamentals for 23 elements. Bull Torrey Bot Club89: 293-302.
  18. Hasar, H. and Cuci, Y. 2000. Removal of Cr (VI), Cd (II) and Cu (II) by activated carbon prepared from almond husk. Environ. Technol. 21:1337-1342.
  19. Hoagland, D.R. and Arnon, D.I. 1938. The water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agr. Expt.Sta. Cir. 347, Berkley, California.
  20. Jackson PJ, Dewitt JG, Kuske CR 1993. Accumulation of toxic metal ions by components of plant suspension cell cultures. Abstract P- 34. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 29A- 42A.
  21. Jackson PJ, Torres AP, Delhaize E, Pack E, Bolender SL 1990. The removal of barium ions from solution using Datura innoxia suspension culture cells. J Env Quality19: 644-648.
  22. Jacobs, J.M.N., Carmichal and Cavanagh, J.B. 1977. Ultra structural changes in the nervous system of rabbits poisoned with methyl mercury. Toxiol. Appl.Pharmacol 39:249-261.
  23. Jain SK, Vasudevan P, Jha NK 1989. Removal of some heavy metals from polluted waters by aquatic plants: Studies on duckweed and water velvet. Biological Wastes28: 115-126.
  24. Jayakumar, K. and Vijayarengan, P. 2006. Alterations in the carbohydrates metabolism of Vigna mungo L. hepper as affected by cobalt stress. Indian J. Environ Ecoplan 12 (3): 693-696.
  25. Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H 1989. Trace Elements in the Soil and Plants. Florida: CRC Press,
  26. Kastori, R., Petrovic, M. and Petrovic, N. 1992.Effects of excess lead, cadmium, copper and zinc on water relations in sunflower. J.Plant Nutr. 15; 2427 –2439.
  27. Kay SH, Hailer WT, Garrard LA (1984). Effects of heavy metals on Water Hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms). Aquatic Toxicol 5: 117-128.
  28. Kim, B.Y., Kim, K.S., Kim, B.J. and Han, K.M. 1978. Uptake and yield of heavy metal Cu, Ni, Cr, Co and Mn. Rep. Rural Dev.pp.1-10.
  29. Langille WM, MacLean KS 1976. Some essential nutrient elements in forest plants as related to species, plant part, season and location. Plant Soil45: 17-26.
  30. Lehninger, L. Albert 1984. Principles of Biochemistry, First Indian edition, CSB publishers and Distributors, Delhi.
  31. Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J. , Farr, A.L. and Randall 1951. Protein measurement with Folin – phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:265-275.
  32. Mayz, D.M.J. and Cartwright, P.M. 1984. The effect of pH and aluminium toxicity on the growth and symbiotic development of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Plant Soil. 80:423-430.
  33. Ming-cheng shih, Shu-chin chan, Tsung-jukuo, Chun-han chen and Shih-hsiung Fu 2007.A study of the R O Membrane technology for Arsenic remediation-Use of the alga for Arsenite biomanipultion. Taal. 12th World lake conference, Jaipur, 28Oct-2 Nov 2007.pp. 274.
  34. Mooreland, D.E. and Novitzsky, W.P. 1988. Interference by flavone and flavonols with chloroplast mediated electron transport and phtophosphorylation. Phytochemistry 27:3359-3366.
  35. Nriogo, J. O. 1979. Global inventory of natural and anthropogenic emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere. Nature 279: 409- 411.
  36. Perkin Elmer 1981. Manual for atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cook Book, Perkin Elmer, USA.
  37. Rachel Isaksson, Steven J. Balogh, Michael A. Farris 2007. Accumulation of mercury by the aquatic plant Lemna minor. International Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol 64(2) pp. 189 - 194
  38. Rai Prabhat Kumar and Tripathi, B.D. 2008. Comparative assessment of Azolla pinnat and Vallisnaria spiralis in Hg removal from G B Pant Sagar of Singruali Industrial region, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Springer, Netherlands. Pp. 1573-2959.
  39. Sarma Hemen and Sarma, C.M. 2007. Impact of the Fertilizer Industry effluent on plant chlorophyll, proteins and total sugars. Nature Environ Pollution Technol. 6(4): 633-636.
  40. Siddique, M.H., Mathur, A., Mukherji, D. and Mathur, S.N.1982.Regulation of nitrate reductase activity in Vigna mungo by divalent cations. Angew. Bot. 56:407-412.
  41. Srivastava, H.S. 1980. Regulation of nitrate reductase activity in higher plants. Phytochemistry 19:725-733.
  42. Vajpayee, P., Tripathi, R.D., Rai, U.N., Ali, M.B. and Singh, S.N. 2000. Chromium (VI) accumulation reduces chlorophyll biosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity and protein content in Nymphaea alba L. Chemosphere 41(7): 1075-1082.
  43. Vasquez, M.D., Poschenriender, C., Barcelo, J., Baker, A.J.M., Hatton, P. and Cope, G.H. 1994. Compartmentation of Zinc hyper accumulator Thlaspi caerulescens J and C Presl. Botanica Acta 107: 243-250.
  44. Woolhouse, H.W. 1983. Toxicity and tolerance in the response of plants to metals. In: Physiological plant ecology, Eds: Lange, O. L., Nobel, P.S., Osmand, C.B. and Ziegler, H III. Encyclopedia of plant physiology, (New series). Springer – Verlag, New York. Vol. 12C. pp. 245-300.