India-Russia Dynamic Relations in the Context of Indian Foreign Policy

Abstract

History has witnessed a time-tested relationship between India and Russia that has evolved into a legacy. However, the current ongoing systemic geopolitical changes in the world are creating such uncertainty that both nations are facing some difficulties in maintaining their relations. Hence, despite Western efforts to isolate Russia at the global level, both India and Russia have maintained cordial relations with each other, prioritising defence and economic cooperation amid a complex geopolitical landscape, which highlights their autonomous strategy. In this context, this research paper presents India’s foreign policy from the perspective of how conscious both India and Russia are about their relations and what both countries are taking essential steps to fulfil their national interests. Under the realist framework, the research paper emphasises the national interests, power balance, and security of both countries, especially in the aftermath of the Russia-Ukraine war. This research analyses the relationship from a state-centric perspective, where both countries are motivated to protect their existential interests, whether through balancing efforts or strategic autonomy. Pointing to India’s neutrality and autonomous policy, the paper also evaluates and outlines the prospects of relations between the two countries, highlighting major obstacles. It examines the key factors strengthening the privileged India-Russia relationship. Lastly, an effort has been made to find a smooth path to enhance their trusting and cordial relations by removing obstacles.