Evaluating AYUSH Integration in Delhi NCR: A PRISMA-Framework Study

Abstract

As the Indian government attempts to mainstream the AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy, and Sowa-Rigpa) system into the healthcare sector, it is plagued by the problem of a policy-perception paradox, whereby persistent low utilisation of these services exists despite significant infrastructure development and investment. Focusing on the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), a systematic review of the literature is employed to explain this phenomenon. The findings reveal that Delhi NCR is recognised as a centre for several apex institutions, extensive co-location with modern-medicine facilities, and digital integration. However, this is in sharp contrast to a consistent pattern of severe demand-side underutilisation, as AYUSH accounts for a disproportionately low fraction of outpatient visits compared to modern medicine, which results in increased government spending per patient in AYUSH facilities. The analysis further reveals that even though AYUSH is preferred in managing chronic conditions, its widespread acceptance is hampered by perceived lack of scientific validation and operational challenges in integrated settings. The study concludes by emphasising the need for solutions that move beyond infrastructural expansion to effectively address the determinants of low public utilisation.