Poverty Alleviation and Women Empowerment through Tourism Development – an Explorative Study of Model Ventures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12727/ajts.19.5Keywords:
tourism, women empowerment, feminization of poverty, sustainable development, genderAbstract
Although research on tourism, poverty alleviation and women empowerment are being carried out extensively, integrative studies linking all three aspects are scant. This paper is an attempt to bridge the existing gap in the literature by connecting the concepts of tourism-driven poverty alleviation and gender empowerment through tourism and feminization of poverty.
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Whitehead, A. (2003). Failing women, sustaining poverty: Gender in poverty reduction strategy papers: Report for the UK Gender and Development Network. Oxford: Oxfam GB.
Williams, S. (1998). Tourism Geography. London: Routledge. World Bank. (2013). Poverty Overview. Worldbank.org. Retrieved September 11, 2016, from http:// www.worldbank.org/ en/ topic/ poverty/overview World Tourism Organization (WTO) (2005) „Use tourism on war on poverty‟ world leaders urged. Retrieved January 01, 2017, from http://www.asiatraveltips.com/news05/159-Tourism.shtml World Travel & Tourism Council. (2015). Economic Impacts 2015 (pp. 1-5). London. Retrieved October 26, 2016, from https://www.wttc.org// media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/regional % 202015/world2015.pdf
Zuckerman, E. (2001). Engendering Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). Why it Reduces Poverty and the Rwanda Case. In WIDER Development Conference on Debt Relief.
Ashley, C. & Roe, D. (2002). Making tourism work for the poor: Strategies and challenges in southern Africa. Development Southern Africa 19 (1), 61–82.
Assembly, U. G. (1948). Universal declaration of human rights. UN General Assembly. Barcelona Field Studies Centre. Tourism Multiplier Effect. Geographyfieldwork.com.Retrieved September 21, 2016, from http://geographyfieldwork.com/TouristMultiplier.html
BBC-Poverty-Definitions. (2016). Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved September 11, 2016, from http: // www.bbc.co.uk / Scotland / education / ms / wealth / def_of_poverty / definitions.shtml.
Boonabaana, B. (2014). Negotiating gender and tourism work: Women‟s lived experiences in Uganda. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(1-2), 27-36.
Cagatay, N. (1998). Gender and poverty. UNDP, Social Development and Poverty Elimination Division.
Chant, S. (2007). Gender, generation and poverty. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Ferguson, L. (2010). Interrogating „gender‟in development policy and practice: The World Bank, tourism and microenterprise in Honduras. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 12(1), 3-24.
Foster, J. E., & Sen, A. (1997). On economic inequality. Expanded edition.
Frechtling, D. C., & Horvath, E. (1999). Estimating the multiplier effects of tourism expenditures on a local economy through a regional input-output model. Journal of travel research, 37(4), 324-332.
Goodwin, C. (2000). Action and embodiment within situated human interaction. Journal of pragmatics, 32(10), 1489-1522.
Gordon, D. (2005). Indicators of Poverty & Hunger. Expert Group meeting on youth development indicators (pp. 12-14).
Harris, J. M. (2000). Basic principles of sustainable development. Medford, MA: Tufts University. Harrison, D. (1992). Tourism and the less developed countries. Belhaven Press.
Hollick, M. (2003). No barriers to failure: rethinking tourism business entry. CAUTHE 2003: Riding the Wave of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 562.
International Institute for Peace Through Tourism (IIPT) (2004) January Newsletter. Retrieved December 12, 2016, from http://www.iipt.org/ newsletter/ January2004.html International Labour Organisation. (2008). Gender. Retrieved September 10, 2016, from http://www.ilo.org/ wcmsp5/ groups/ public/ ed_dialogue/sector/documents/briefingnote/wcms_162188.pdf
Jafari, J. (2001). The scientification of tourism. In V.L. Smith and M. Brent (eds) Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st Century (pp. 28–41). New York: Cognizant Communication.
Lama, W. B. (2000). Community-based tourism for conservation and women‟s development. Tourism and development in mountain regions, 221-238.
Lipton, M., & Ravallion, M. (1995). Poverty and policy. Handbook of development economics, 3, 2551-2657.
Lydia, N. (2010). Community Leadership and Poverty Reduction in Uganda: The Peap in Mukono District. (Published Thesis, Master of Arts Degree in Leadership and Human Relations Studies). Makerere University, Uganda.
McArthur, J. W. (2014). The origins of the millennium development goals. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 34(2), 5-24.
Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (1998). Tourism and sustainability: New tourism in the third world. New York. Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved October 15, 2016, from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ definition/ english/poverty
Pearce, D. (1978). The Feminization of Poverty: Women. Work.
Saner, R., Yiu, L., & Filadoro, M. (2015). Tourism Development in Least Developed Countries: Challenges and Opportunities. Handbook of Research on Global Hospitality and Tourism Management, 229.
Scheyvens, R. (2000). Promoting women's empowerment through involvement in ecotourism: Experiences from the Third World. Journal of sustainable tourism, 8(3), 232-249. Scheyvens, R. (2008). Current Issues in Tourism Exploring the Tourism-Poverty Nexus Exploring the Tourism-Poverty Nexus. Current Issues in Tourism, 37–41.
Sen, A. (1997). Resources, values, and development. Harvard University Press. Singh, S. (2007). Deconstructing “gender and development for identities of women”. International Journal of Social Welfare, 16, 100–109.
Skeat, W. (1980). A Concise Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Perigee Books. Stoer, P. (2005). Ecotourism development in Laos. Presentation, Workshop R‟dam School of Management.
Swain, M. (1995). Gender in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(2), 247-266.Retrieved October 08, 2016, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00095-6
Swain, M. B., & Smith, V. L. (1989). Gender roles in indigenous tourism: Kuna Mola, Kuna Yola, and cultural survival. Hosts and guests. The anthropology of tourism, (Ed. 2), 83-104.
Tucker, H. (2007). Undoing shame: Tourism and women's work in Turkey. Journal of Tourism and Cultural change, 5(2), 87-105.
UN. (2011). Tourism a vehicle for gender equality and women’s empowerment, UN reports | Regional Programme for Europe. Europe.unwto.org. Retrieved September 19, 2016, from http://europe.unwto.org/ news/ 2011-03-11/tourism-vehicle-gender-equality-and-women-s-empowerment-un-reports UN. (2015). The World's Women 2015 (pp. 179-199).Retrieved November 11, 2016,http://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/downloads/WorldsWomen 2015 _chapter8_t.pdf
UNDP. (2010). Empowering women through literacy empowers us all. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from http://www.undp.org/content/ undp/ en/ home/ presscenter/articles/2010/09/08/empowering-women-through-literacy-empowers-us-all.html
UNDP. (2014). Human Development Reports - Table 5: Gender Inequality Index. Hdr.undp.org. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from http:// hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII#c
UNDP. (2016). Gender Inequality Index (GII) | Human Development Reports. Hdr.undp.org.Retrieved September 11, 2016, from http:// hdr.undp.org/en/content/gender-inequality-index-gii United Nations. (2015b). The Millennium Development Goals Report. United Nations. Retrieved November 04, 2016, from https://visit.un.org/millenniumgoals/2008highlevel/pdf/ MDG_ Report_2008_ Addendum.pdf UNWTO. (2011). International tourists to hit 1.8 billion by 2030. Retrieved December 11, 2016, from http://media.unwto.org/en/press-release/2011-10-11/international-tourists-hit-18-billion-2030
UNWTO. (2013). Tourism and Poverty Alleviation | Tourism and Poverty Alleviation. Step.unwto.org. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from http:// step.unwto.org/content/tourism-and-poverty-alleviation-1
Whitehead, A. (2003). Failing women, sustaining poverty: Gender in poverty reduction strategy papers: Report for the UK Gender and Development Network. Oxford: Oxfam GB.
Williams, S. (1998). Tourism Geography. London: Routledge. World Bank. (2013). Poverty Overview. Worldbank.org. Retrieved September 11, 2016, from http:// www.worldbank.org/ en/ topic/ poverty/overview World Tourism Organization (WTO) (2005) „Use tourism on war on poverty‟ world leaders urged. Retrieved January 01, 2017, from http://www.asiatraveltips.com/news05/159-Tourism.shtml World Travel & Tourism Council. (2015). Economic Impacts 2015 (pp. 1-5). London. Retrieved October 26, 2016, from https://www.wttc.org// media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/regional % 202015/world2015.pdf
Zuckerman, E. (2001). Engendering Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). Why it Reduces Poverty and the Rwanda Case. In WIDER Development Conference on Debt Relief.
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Published
2018-01-01
How to Cite
Mohanty, P., & Chandran, A. (2018). Poverty Alleviation and Women Empowerment through Tourism Development – an Explorative Study of Model Ventures. Atna Journal of Tourism Studies, 13(1), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.12727/ajts.19.5
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